Abstract
In accordance with the national energy strategy, the development of coal-fired power stations in Russia, especially in Siberia and the Far East, calls for utilization of their ash and slag wastes. The total quantity of ash and slag in Russian tailings exceeds 1.5 billion t. These wastes cover an area of more than 220 km2. The utilization of these wastes is no more than 10%. The most promising approaches are utilization of the wastes in construction materials or road building, or a hybrid approach in which valuable metals are extracted during the production of construction materials. Some fly ash can be used in agriculture. The physicochemical properties of ash and slag waste and correspondingly their applicability and the choice of technology will be determined by the mineral component of the coal and the methods by which the coal is burned. In order to use fly ash in construction, dry processing methods for ash and slag waste must be introduced. On the one hand, that involves greater capital expenditures on equipment and structures for storage, classification, crushing, and grinding of the ash and slag waste, as well as means of modifying their properties. On the other, increased transportation and organizational barriers must be expected. Examples of proposed processing technologies based on metal extraction and the production of construction materials are presented. To obtain iron-bearing concentrates, single-stage magnetic separation is mainly employed. However, the resulting quality of the concentrate is unsatisfactory. A better approach to the extraction of metals from ash and slag waste is flotation. At the same time, the available data indicate that the application of flotation may be limited by economic and organizational factors and associated environmental hazards. The conclusion is that the use of such technologies at thermal power stations that are already in operation is possible, with state support.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Project of Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035 (revised on February 1, 2017. https://minenergo.gov.ru/node/1920. Accessed March 15, 2018.
Prognoz razvitiya energetiki mira i Rossii (Forecast of the Development of Energy Sector in the World and Russia), Makarov, A.A., Ed., Moscow: Inst. Energ. Issled., Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2016.
Rating of regions by level of sufficient energy supply, RIA Reiting. http://vid1.rian.ru/ig/ratings/energodeficit012017.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2018.
Investment program of RusHydro Company for 2015–2019, Supplement 3 to the Business plan of RusHydro for 2015–2019. http://www.rushydro.ru/upload/iblock/4cb/IP-2015-2019-dlyarazmesheniya-na-sajte.pdf. Accessed March 23, 2018.
Delitsyn, L.M., A report represented at the Scientific Council of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences by November 16, 2015. http://jiht.ru/science/science_council/lecture_-detail.php?ID=58463. Accessed March 23, 2018.
Volzhenskii, A.V., Ivanov, I.A., and Vinogradov, B.N., Primenenie zol i toplivnykh shlakov v proizvodstve stroitel’nykh materialov (Use of Ashes and Fuel Slag for Production of Construction Materials), Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1984.
Putilin, E.I. and Tsvetkov, V.S., Primenenie zol unosa i zoloshlakovykh smesei pri stroitel’stve avtomobil’nykh dorog. Obzornaya informatsiya otechestvennogo i zarubezhnogo opyta primeneniya otkhodov ot szhiganiya tverdogo topliva na TES (Use of Flying Ash and Ash-Slag Mixtures for Construction of Automobile Roads: Overview of National and Foreign Use of Combustion Wastes of Solid Fuel at TPP), Moscow: Gos. Vseross. Dorozhn. Nauchno-Issled. Inst., 2003.
Dvorkin, L.I., Stroitel’nye materialy iz otkhodov promyshlennosti. Uchebno-spravochnoe posobie (Construction Materials from the Industrial Wastes: Manual and Handbook), Rostov-on-Don: Feniks, 2007.
Shpirt, M.Ya., Artem’ev, V.B., and Silyutin, S.A., Ispol’zovanie tverdykh otkhodov dobychi i pererabotki uglei (Use of Solid Wastes of Coal Mining and Processing), Moscow: Gornoe Delo, 2013.
Bespalov, V.I., Bespalova, S.U., and Vagner, M.A., Prirodookhrannye tekhnologii na TES: uchebnoe posobie (Environmentally-Friendly Technologies at TPP: Manual), Tomsk: Tomsk. Politekh. Univ., 2010, 2nd ed.
Putilov, V.Ya. and Putilova, I.V., Conditioning of ash and slag from energy sector of Russia. Chap. 3: Processing of ash and slag. 3.4. Conditioning and quality control of ash and slag. http://osi.ecopower.ru/ru/2010-11-28-18-46-37.html. Accessed March 28, 2018.
Galibina, E.A., Classification of pulverized ash depending on material composition, providing its rational use for building materials production, in Stroitel’naya teplofizika. Dolgovechnost’ konstruktsii (Building Thermophysics. Durability of Structures), Tallinn: Valgus, 1981.
Kalachev, A.I., Complex system of utilization of ash and slag materials. http://ksfenix.org/files/fenix-webru.pdf. Accessed March 25, 2018.
Salomatov, V.V., Clean TPP with vortex technology for burning of the Kansk-Achinsk coals, Nov. Ross. Elektroenerg., 2014, no. 3, pp. 14–29.
Vishnya, B.L., Technology of ash granulation: prospective use at the coal TPP, Mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya “Ugol’Eko-2016,” 27–28 sentyabrya 2016 g. (Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. “CoalEco-2016,” September 27–28, 2016), Moscow: Mosk. Energ. Inst., 2016. http://coaleco.ru/news/coaleco-2016-presentations. Accessed March 23, 2018.
Ladygichev, M.G. and Chizhikova, V.M., Syr’e dlya chernoi metallurgii. Spravochnoe izdanie. Tom 2. Ekologiya metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva (Raw Materials for Ferrous Metallurgy: Handbook, Vol. 2: Ecology of Metallurgical Industry), Moscow: Teplotekhnik, 2005.
Gusev, K.P., Larichkin, V.V., Larichkina, N.I., Prospects of ash and slag wastes application of the Siberian thermal power industry in production of pavement stone, Izv. Samar. Tsentra, Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2011, vol. 13, no. 1 (8), pp. 2058–2061.
Cherepanov, A.A., Complex processing of ash and slag wastes of TPP: experimental and semi-industrial tests, Geol. Polezn. Iskop. Mirovogo Okeana, 2009, no. 2, pp. 98–115.
Yao, Z.T., A review of the alumina recovery from coal fly ash, with a focus in China, Fuel, 2014, vol. 120, pp. 74–85.
Shamrai, E.I., Taskin, A.V., Ivannikov, S.I., and Yudakov, A.A., Complex waste utilization capacities from energy companies in Primorskii krai, Sovrem. Naukoemkie Tekhnol., 2017, no. 3, pp. 68–75.
Arsent’ev, V.A., New technology of dry enrichment of fly ash from coal-burning power plants based on applied mineralogy methods, Zap. Gorn. Instit., 2016, vol. 220, pp. 521–525.
Delitsyn, L.M., Ryabov, Yu.V., and Vlasov, A.S., Potential technologies of ash utilization, Energosberezhenie, 2014, no. 2, p.60.
Ezhova, N.N., Vlasov, A.S., Sudareva, S.V., and Delitsyn, L.M., Ash and slag waste from thermal power plants as a raw material commodity for ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, Ekol. Prom. Proizvod., 2010, no. 2, pp. 45–52.
Delitsyn, L.M., Ryabov, Yu.V., and Vlasov, A.S., New ash enrichment technology for processing of coalburning power plants in production of alumina and other commercial products, Ekol. Prom. Proizvod., 2012, no. 1, pp. 74–79.
Yudovich, Ya.E. and Ketris, M.P., Tsennye elementyprimesi v uglyakh (Nonferrous Impurities in Coal), Yekaterinburg: Ural. Otd., Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2006.
Alekseiko, L.N., Taskin, A.V., Cherepanov, A.A., and Yudakov, A.A., Complex processing of ash and slag wastes of TPP in Khabarovsk and Birobidzhan, Sovrem. Nauka, 2016, no. 1 (17), pp. 21–34.
Solov’yanov, A.A., Past (accumulated) environmental damage: problems and solutions. Sources and types of pollution, Ekol. Vestn. Ross., 2015, no. 3, pp. 46–52.
Shevtsov V.R., The recycling strategy of ash and slag wastes from TPP, 2010. http://www.sibacc.ru/upload/iblock/fc8/11.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2018.
Tselykovskii, Yu.K., Ecological and economic aspects of utilization of TPP ash and slag, Energ.: Ekon., Tekhn., Ekol., 2006, no. 4, pp. 27–34.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © G.S. Podgorodetskii, V.B. Gorbunov, E.A. Agapov, T.V. Erokhov, O.N. Kozlova, 2018, published in Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Chernaya Metallurgiya, 2018, No. 6, pp. 439–446.
About this article
Cite this article
Podgorodetskii, G.S., Gorbunov, V.B., Agapov, E.A. et al. Processing Ash and Slag Wastes from Thermal Power Stations. Part 1. Steel Transl. 48, 339–345 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091218060074
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091218060074