Abstract
Adding zirconium ore concentrate in the electrosmelting of steel increases the strength and impact strength of the metal, with a residual zirconium content of 0.02–0.12%. Electroslag remelting increases the zirconium content to 7.94%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shul’te, Yu.A., Nemetallicheskie vklucheniya v elektrostali (Nonmetallic Inclusions in Electrosteel), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1964.
Golikov, I.I. and Maslenkov, S.B., Dendritnaya likvatsiya v stalyakh i splavakh (Dendritic Liquation in Steel and Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1977.
Gulyaev, A.P., Chistaya stal (Pure Steel), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1975.
Lerbier, L.V. and Richmond, F.M., Comparison of the Properties of Special Steels Produced by Electroslag Remelting and Vacuum Arc Remelting, Electroslag Remelting, Vol. 5, Proceedings of an International Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy and Electroslag Remelting (Russian translation), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1979, pp. 47–62.
Bernshtein, M.L., Prochnost stali. Seriya Uspekhi sovremennogo metallovedeniya (Achievements in Current Physical Metallurgy: The Strength of Steel), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1974.
Ershov, G.S. and Bychkov, Yu.B., Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy ratsional’nogo legirovaniya stalei i splavov (Physicochemical Principles of Rational Alloying of Steel and Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1982.
Buryak, V.A., Novyi geologo-promyshlennyi tip tsirkonievogo orudeneniya (usloviya obrazovaniya, perspektivnye ispol’zovaniya) (A New Geological and Industrial Type of Zirconium Mineralization: Conditions of Formation, Prospects for Use), Khabarovsk: Izd. DVIMS, 1999.
Lovtsov, D.V., Primenenie ligaturnykh splavov i soedinenii litiya, berilliya, tsirkoniya i redkozemel’nykh elementov v metallakh i splavash (Use of Simple Alloys and Compounds of Lithium, Beryllium, Zirconium, and Rare-Earth Elements in Metals and Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1961.
Shul’te, Yu.A., Elektrometallurgiya stal’nogo lit’ya (Electrometallurgy of Steel Casting), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1970.
Kulikov, I.S., Raskislenie metallov (Reduction of Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1975.
Inkevich, G.M., Raskislenie stali in modifitsirovanie nemetallicheskikh vklyuchenii (Reduction of Steel and Modification of Nonmetallic Inclusions), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1981.
Osipov, V.G. et al., Microalloying of Continuous-Cast Steel with Zirconium and Niobium, Teoriya i praktika microlegirovaniya i modifitsirovaniya stalei: mat. Respubl. nauch.-tekhn. konf. (7–9 dekabrya 1971 g.) (Theory and Practice of Microalloying and Modification of Steel: Proceedings of a Republican Conference, December 7–9, 1971), Donetsk, 1971, pp. 112–114.
Houdremont, E., Handbook of Special Steels, Berlin: Springer, 1956.
Gol’dshtein, M.I., Grachev, S.V., and Veksler, Yu.G., Spetsial’nye stali (Special Steels), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1985.
Babaskin, Yu.Z., Struktura i svoistva litoi stali (Structure and Properties of Cast Steel), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1980.
Torianova, G.A., Zirconium in Structural Steel, Materialy soveshchaniya po voprosam proizvodstva i primeneniya tsirkonievykh stalei (Proceedings of a Conference on the Production and Use of Zirconium Steel), Moscow: Giredmet, 1961, pp. 14–24.
Kharchenko, V.V., Khotina, V.I., Kotukohov, V.F., et al., Mechanical Properties of Casehardened Steel Microalloyed with Zirconium, Teoriya i praktika microlegirovaniya i modifitsirovaniya stalei: mat. Respubl. nauch.-tekhn. konf. (7–9 dekabrya 1971 g.) (Theory and Practice of Microalloying and Modification of Steel: Proceedings of a Republican Conference, December 7–9, 1971), Donetsk, 1971, pp. 88–90.
Gulyaev, B.B., Shapranov, I.A., Magnitskii, I.O., et al., Influence of Rare-Earth Elements on the Solidification and Mechanical Properties of Cast Steel, Redkozemel’nye elementy v stali i splavakh (Rare-Earth Elements in Steel and Alloys), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1959, pp. 93–117.
Lakhtin, Yu.M., Metallovedenie i teoreticheskie obrabotka metallov (Physical Metallurgy and the Heat Treatment of Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1977.
Kachanov, N.N., Prokalivaemost stali (Hardenability of Steel), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1977, 2nd ed.
Eliot, R.P., Structure of Binary Alloys (Russian translation), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1970, vol. 1.
Samsonov, G.V. and Portnoi, K.I., Splavy na osnove tugoplavkikh soedinenii (Alloys Based on Refractory Compounds), Moscow: Oborongiz, 1961.
Lyakishev, N.P., Pliner, Yu.L., Ignatenko, G.F., and Lappo, S.I., Alyumotermiya (Heating Steel with Aluminum), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1978.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.M. Grigor’ev, 2009, published in “Stal,” 2009, No. 9, pp. 43–47.
About this article
Cite this article
Grigor’ev, V.M. Electroslag remelting of steel with zirconium from ore concentrate. Steel Transl. 39, 783–788 (2009). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091209090137
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091209090137