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Karyotype analysis and new chromosome number reports in Achillea species

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Abstract

Cytological analyses were performed in nineteen accessions belonging to seven Achillea species. The results indicate that two species, A. filipendulina and A. tenuifolia, are diploid (2n = 2x = 18) and three species, A. bieberstinii, A. pachycephala, and A. aucheri are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36). For two latter species, the chromosome numbers are new. Two ploidy levels of 2n = 6x = 54 and 2n = 8x = 72 in A. millefolium and two ploidy levels of 2n = 2x = 18 and 2n = 4x = 36 in A. santolina species were found. Cluster analysis based on chromosomal characteristics and karyotype asymmetry indices clustered the studied genotypes into three major groups. The first group included the diploid species (A. filipendulina, A. santolina and A. tenufolia), while the second group comprised tetraploid species (A. santolina, A. aucheri and A. pachycephala). A. millefolium (hexaploid, octaploid) and A. bieberstinii (tetraploid) were classified in the third group. Total form percentage (TF%) in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 42.03, 42.15 and 41.08, respectively. Group 1 possessed the highest average of symmetry index (S% = 70.8). Stebbins classification method grouped all accessions in class A. Moreover, group 1 (diploid level species), had the most symmetric karyotype from point of view of centromere and chromosome length. Therefore, it can be concluded that the genotypes belonging to group 1 are the earliest evolutionary form.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Fatameh Ebrahim & Hassan Pakniyat

  2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Ahmad Arzani & Mehdi Rahimmalek

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  1. Fatameh Ebrahim
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  2. Hassan Pakniyat
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  3. Ahmad Arzani
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  4. Mehdi Rahimmalek
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Correspondence to Ahmad Arzani.

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Ebrahim, F., Pakniyat, H., Arzani, A. et al. Karyotype analysis and new chromosome number reports in Achillea species. Biologia 67, 284–288 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-012-0011-3

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