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New chromosome numbers and remarks on theAchillea millefolium polyploid complex in North America

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Summary

  1. 1.

    For 79 North American populations of the N. Hemisphere polyploid complexAchillea millefolium agg. (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) new tetraploid and hexaploid chromosome counts (n=18, 27 resp. 2 n=36, 54) are documented.

  2. 2.

    Together with literature references this adds to our knowledge of the distribution and affinities ofA. millefolium agg. cytotypes and races in North America. While 4 x types are widespread, autochthonous 6 x are found only in the W (California, and Oregon to southern Brit. Columbia), NW and NE.

  3. 3.

    More remarkable details concern relic 4 x races in coastal California, a subalpine 6 x ecotype in the N. Californian Coast Ranges, evidence for 4 x (apart from 6 x) in Alaska, and the sympatric occurrence (and hybridization?!) of introduced and evidently native 6 x on the Gaspé Peninsula.

  4. 4.

    The groups of disjunct 6 x races quite certainly have originated independently from each other, and — at least partly — directly from adjacent 4 x. Classification of all native North American 4 x as “A. lanulosa Nutt.” and of all 6 x as “A. borealis Bong.” is unnatural and impracticable.

Zusammenfassung

  1. 1.

    Für 79 nordamerikanische Populationen des nordhemisphärischen PolyploidkomplexesAchillea millefolium agg. (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) werden neue tetraploide und hexaploide Chromosomenzählungen (n=18, 27 bzw. 2 n=36, 54) mitgeteilt.

  2. 2.

    Ein Vergleich mit den bisherigen Angaben ergibt ein besser abgerundetes Bild von der Verbreitung und abgestuften Ähnlichkeit der Cytotypen und Rassen vonA. millefolium agg. in Nordamerika. Während 4 x-Sippen weitverbreitet sind, finden sich bodenständige 6 x nur im W (Kalifornien sowie Oregon bis südl. Brit. Columbia), im NW und im NE.

  3. 3.

    Besonders bemerkenswert sind reliktäre 4 x-Sippen im küstennahen Kalifornien, eine subalpine 6 x-Rasse der N. Californian Coast Ranges, der Nachweis von 4 x (neben 6 x) für Alaska und das Nebeneinander (sowie die Bastardierung?!) von eingeschleppten und offenbar bodenständigen 6 x auf der Gaspé-Halbinsel.

  4. 4.

    Die disjunkten 6 x-Sippengruppen sind wohl sicher unabhängig voneinander und zumindest teilweise direkt aus benachbarten 4 x-Sippen entstanden. Die Einstufung aller bodenständigen nordamerikanischen 4 x als „A. lanuloa Nutt.“ und aller 6 x als „A. borealis Bong“. ist unnatürlich und praktisch undurchführbar.

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  1. Friedrich Ehrendorfer

    Present address: Botanical Institute, University of Vienna, Vienna

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    1. Friedrich Ehrendorfer
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    Ehrendorfer, F. New chromosome numbers and remarks on theAchillea millefolium polyploid complex in North America. Osterr bot Z 122, 133–143 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01624798

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