Abstract
We report on an optical characterisation of nanocrystalline diamond films photochemically functionalised with the organosilane-coupling agent, N 1-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)hexane-1,6-diamine (alternative names: N-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, (3-(6-aminohexylamino)propyl) trimetoxysilane, AHAPS). The presence and homogeneity of the organosilane layers were detected by fluorescence microscopy and infrared reflectance-absorbance spectroscopy. The results indicated that a homogeneous surface coverage with organosilane layers was achieved on diamond surfaces which were modified either by hydrogen or by oxygen plasma treatment. The functionalised nanocrystalline diamonds present a promising solution in future biosensor applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bacakova, L., Grausova, L., Vacik, J., Fraczek, A., Blazewicz, S., Kromka, A., Vanecek, M., & Svorcik, V. (2007). Improved adhesion and growth of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells on biomaterials modified with carbon nanoparticles. Diamond and Related Materials, 16, 2133–2140. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.07.015.
Christiaens, P., Vermeeren, V., Wenmackers, S., Daenen, M., Haenen, K., Nesládek, M., vandeVen, M., Ameloot, M., Michiels, L., & Wagner, P. (2006). EDC-mediated DNA attachment to nanocrystalline CVD diamond films. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 22, 170–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.013.
Davydova, M., Kromka, A., Exnar, P., Stuchlik, M., Hruska, K., Vanecek, M., & Kalbac, M. (2009). Selective detection of phosgene by nanocrystalline diamond layer. Physica Status Solidi A, 206, 2070–2073. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200982216.
Füner, M., Wild, C., & Koidl, P. (1998). Novel microwave plasma reactor for diamond synthesis. Applied Physics Letters, 72, 1149–1151. DOI: 10.1063/1.120997.
Gruen, D. M. (1999). Nanocrystalline diamond films. Annual Review of Materials Science, 29, 211–259. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.211.
Kneuer, C., Sameti, M., Haltner, E. G., Schiestel, T., Schirra, H., Schmidt, H., & Lehr, C.-M. (2000). Silica nanoparticles modified with aminosilanes as carriers for plasmid DNA. In ternational Journal of Pharmaceutics, 196, 257–261. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5173(99)00435-4.
Kozak, H., Kromka, A., Babchenko, O., & Rezek, B. (2010). Directly grown nanocrystalline diamond field-effect transistor microstructures. Sensor Letters, 8, 482–487. DOI: 10.1166/sl2010.1298.
Kozak, H., Kromka, A., Ledinsky, M., & Rezek, B. (2009a). Enhancing nanocrystalline diamond surface conductivity by deposition temperature and chemical post-processing. Physica Status Solidi A, 206, 276–280. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200824355.
Kozak, H., Kromka, A., Ukraintsev, E., Houdkova, J., Ledinsky, M., Vaněček, M., & Rezek, B. (2009b). Detecting sp2 phase on diamond surfaces by atomic force microscopy phase imaging and its effects on surface conductivity. Diamond and Related Materials, 18, 722–725. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2009.02.010.
Kromka, A., Rezek, B., Remes, Z., Michalka, M., Ledinsky, M., Zemek, J., Potmesil, J., & Vanecek, M. (2008). Formation of continuous nanocrystalline diamond layers on glass and silicon at low temperatures. Chemical Vapor Deposition, 14, 181–186. DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200706662.
Landstrass, M. I., & Ravi, K. V. (1989). Resistivity of chemical vapor deposited diamond films. Applied Physics Letters, 55, 975–977. DOI: 10.1063/1.101694.
Lud, S. Q., Steenackers, M., Jordan, R., Bruno, P., Gruen, D. M., Feulner, P., Garrido, J. A., & Stutzmann, M. (2006). Chemical grafting of biphenyl self-assembled monolayers on ultrananocrystalline diamond. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 16884–16891. DOI: 10.1021/ja0657049.
Maier, F., Riedel, M., Mantel, B., Ristein, J., & Ley, L. (2000). Origin of surface conductivity in diamond. Physical Review Letters, 85, 3472–3475. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3472.
Maitra, U., Gomathi, A., & Rao, C. N. R. (2008). Covalent and noncovalent functionalisation and solubilisation of nanodiamond. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 3, 271–278. DOI: 10.1080/17458080802574155.
Nebel, C. E., Kato, H., Rezek, B., Shin, D., Takeuchi, D., Watanabe, H., & Yamamoto, T. (2006). Electrochemical properties of undoped hydrogen terminated CVD diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, 15, 264–268. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2005.08.012.
Potocky, S., Kromka, A., Potmesil, J., Remes, Z., Vorlicek, V., Vanecek, M., & Michalka, M. (2007). Investigation of nanocrystalline diamond films grown on silicon and glass at substrate temperature below 400°C. Diamond and Related Materials, 16, 744–747. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11. 028.
Qureshi, A., Gurbuz, Y., Howell, M., Kang, W. P., & Davidson, J. L. (2010). Nanocrystalline diamond film for biosensor applications. Diamond and Related Materials, 19, 457–461. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2010.01.012.
Remes, Z., Kozak, H., Babchenko, O., Ukraintsev, E., Rezek, B., & Kromka, A. (2010). Grazing angle reflectance spectroscopy of organic monolayers on nanocrystalline diamond films. In Proceedings of Diamond 2010, The 21st European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides, 5–9 September 2010. Budapest, Hungary.
Remes, Z., Kromka, A., Kozak, H., Vanecek, M., Haenen, K., & Wenmackers, S. (2009). The infrared optical absorption spectra of the functionalized nanocrystalline diamond surface. Diamond and Related Materials, 18, 772–775. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2008.11.025.
Remes, Z., Kromka, A., Vanecek, M., Grinevich, A., Hartmannova, H., & Kmoch, S. (2007). The RF plasma surface chemical modification of nanodiamond films grown on glass and silicon at low temperature. Diamond and Related Materials, 16, 671–674. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.100.
Rezek, B., Shin, D., Watanabe, H., & Nebel, C. E. (2007). Intrinsic hydrogen-terminated diamond as ion-sensitive field effect transistor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 122, 596–599. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2006.07.004.
Rezek, B., Watanabe, H., & Nebel, C. E (2006a). High carrier mobility on hydrogen terminated 〈100〉 diamond surfaces. Applied Physics Letters, 88, 042110. DOI: 10.1063/1.2168497.
Rezek, B., Watanabe, H., Shin, D., Yamamoto, T., & Nebel, C. E. (2006b). Ion-sensitive field effect transistor on hydrogenated diamond. Diamond and Related Materials, 15, 673–677. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2005.12.023.
Socrates, G. (2001). Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies: Tables and charts (3rd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Stutzmann, M., Garrido, J. A., Eickhoff, M., & Brandt, M. S. (2006). Direct biofunctionalization of semiconductors: A survey. Physica Status Solidi A, 203, 3424–3437. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200622512.
Sussmann, R. S. (Ed.) (2009). CVD diamond for electronic devices and sensors. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Vermeeren, V., Bijnens, N., Wenmackers, S., Daenen, M., Haenen, K., Williams, O. A., Ameloot, M., vandeVen, M., Wagner, P., & Michiels, L. (2007). Towards a real-time, label-free, diamond-based DNA sensor. Langmuir, 23, 13193–13202. DOI: 10.1021/la702143d.
Wang, J., Firestone, M. A., Auciello, O., & Carlisle, J. A. (2004). Surface functionalization of ultrananocrystalline diamond films by electrochemical reduction of aryldiazonium salts. Langmuir, 20, 11450–11456. DOI: 10.1021/la048740z.
Wen, K., Maoz, R., Cohen, H., Sagiv, J., Gibaud, A., Desert, A., & Ocko, B. M. (2008). Postassembly chemical modification of a highly ordered organosilane multilayer: new insights into the structure, bonding, and dynamics of self-assembling silane monolayers. ACS Nano, 2, 579–599. DOI: 10.1021/nn800011t.
Wenmackers, S., Christiaens, P., Daenen, M., Haenen, K., Nesládek, M., van deVen, M., Vermeeren, V., Michiels, L., Ameloot, M., & Wagner, P. (2005). DNA attachment to nanocrystalline diamond films. Physica Status Solidi A, 202, 2212–2216. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200561932.
Wong, S. S. (1991). Chemistry of protein conjugation and cross-linking. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.
Yang, N., Uetsuka, H., Watanabe, H., Nakamura, T., & Nebel, C. E. (2008). Photochemical attachment of aminelayers on H-terminated undoped single crystalline CVD diamonds. Diamond and Related Materials, 17, 1376–1379. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2008.01.065.
Yang, W., & Hamers, R. J. (2004). Fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film. Applied Physics Letters, 85, 3626–3628. DOI: 10.1063/1.1808885.
Yang, W., Auciello, O., Butler, J. E., Cai, W., Carlisle, J. A., Gerbi, J. E., Gruen, D. M., Knickerbocker, T., Lasseter, T. L., Russell, J. N., Jr., Smith, L. M., & Hamers, R. J. (2002). DNA-modified nanocrystalline diamond thin-films as stable, biologically active substrates. Nature Materials, 1, 253–257. DOI: 10.1038/nmat779.
Zemek, J., Houdkova, J., Lesiak, B., Jablonski, A., Potmesil, J., & Vanecek, M. (2006). Electron spectroscopy of nanocrystalline diamond surfaces. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 8, 2133–2138.
Zhang, G.-J., Song, K.-S., Nakamura, Y., Ueno, T., Funatsu, T., Ohdomari, I., & Kawarada, H. (2006). DNA micropatterning on polycrystalline diamond via one-step direct amination. Langmuir, 22, 3728–3734. DOI: 10.1021/la050883d.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kozak, H., Remes, Z., Kromka, A. et al. Optical characterisation of organosilane-modified nanocrystalline diamond films. Chem. Pap. 65, 36–41 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-010-0095-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-010-0095-6