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Delayed fluorescence imaging of photosynthesis inhibitor and heavy metal induced stress in potato

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Central European Journal of Biology

Abstract

Early chemical-induced stress in Solanum tuberosum leaves was visualized using delayed fluorescence (DF) imaging. The ability to detect spatially heterogeneous responses of plant leaves exposed to several toxicants using delayed fluorescence was compared to prompt fluorescence (PF) imaging and the standard maximum fluorescence yield of PSII measurements (Fv/Fm). The toxicants used in the study were two photosynthesis inhibitors (herbicides), 100 µM methyl viologen (MV) and 140 µM diuron (DCMU), and two heavy metals, 100 µM cadmium and 100 µM copper. The exposure times were 5 and 72 h. Significant photosynthesis-inhibitor effects were already visualized after 5 h. In addition, a significant reduction in the DF/PF index was measured in DCMU- and MV-treated leaves after 5 h. In contrast, only DCMU-treated leaves exhibited a significant decrease in Fv/Fm after 5 h. All treatments resulted in a significant decrease in the DF/PF parameter after 72 h of exposure, when only MV and Cd treatment resulted in visible symptoms. Our study highlights the power of delayed fluorescence imaging. Abundant quantifiable spatial information was obtained with the instrumental setup. Delayed fluorescence imaging has been confirmed as a very responsive and useful technique for detecting stress induced by photosynthesis inhibitors or heavy metals.

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Abbreviations

DCMU:

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, diuron

DF:

delayed fluorescence

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

EMCCD:

electron-multiplying charge-coupled device

F0 :

minimal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf

Fm:

maximum fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf

Fv:

variable fluorescence measured in darkadapted plant, Fv=Fm−F0

Fv / Fm:

maximum fluorescence yield of PSII, Fv/Fm=(Fm-F0)/Fm

LED:

light-emitting diode

MV:

1,1′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, methyl viologen (syn. paraquat)

PAM:

pulse amplitude modulation

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation

PF:

prompt fluorescence

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Jaka Razinger

  2. Aerosol d.o.o., 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Luka Drinovec

  3. Institute of Physical Biology, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Maja Berden-Zrimec

Authors
  1. Jaka Razinger
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  2. Luka Drinovec
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  3. Maja Berden-Zrimec
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Correspondence to Jaka Razinger.

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Razinger, J., Drinovec, L. & Berden-Zrimec, M. Delayed fluorescence imaging of photosynthesis inhibitor and heavy metal induced stress in potato. cent.eur.j.biol. 7, 531–541 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0038-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0038-z

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