Abstract
A simple sol-gel process is proposed for synthesizing SnO2 nanopowders utilizing normal propanol and isopropanol mixture instead of just using normal alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol for Sol preparation. No surfactant was used in this Sol preparation process. The structure of sol is studied by FT-IR-ATR technique. On altering propanol to isopropanol ratio, three different nanopowders were obtained. X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) and BET techniques were used to characterize prepared powders. Results show that smaller grain size was obtained via altering alcohols ratio. In addition, Merck commercial SnO2 powder was also used as a reference material for comparing purposes; because it has nanometer scale (ca. 60 nm). HRTEM images show that obtained nanopowders were polycrystalline and their average diameters fall into the range of 6–80 nm. Finally, the effect of alkoxide ligand size through sol-gel synthesis on product particle size is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Granados, J. M. García, Nanotechnology 16, 282 (2005)
X. Peng, Adv. Mater., 15, 459 (2003)
L. Qu, W. W. Yu, X. Peng, Nano Lett. 4, 465 (2004)
C. Burda, S. Link, M. Mohamed, M. El-Sayed, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 12286 (2001)
M. Y. Gao, C. Lesser, S. Kirstein, H. Mohwald, A. L. Rogach, H. Weller, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 2297 (2000)
B. O. Dabbopusi, M. G. Bawendi, Q. Onitsuka, M. F. Rubner, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1316 (1995)
N. Gaponik, I. L. Radtschenko, G. B. Sukhorokov, H. Weller, A. L. Rogach, Adv. Mater. 14, 879 (2002)
E. J. H. Lee, C. Ribeiro, T. R. Giraldi, E. Longo, E. R. Leite, J. A. Varela, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1745 (2004)
Z. Ying, Q. Wan, Z. T. Song, S. L. Feng, Nanotechnology 15, 1682 (2004)
K. L. Chopra, S. Major, D. K. Pandya, Thin Solid Films 102, 1 (1983)
Z. Peng, Z. Shi, M. Liu, Chem. Commun. 2125 (2000)
A. Aoki, H. Sasakura, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 9, 582 (1970)
F. Paraguay-Delgado, Nanotechnology 16, 688 (2005)
B. Cheng, J.M. Russell, W. Shi, L. Zhang, E.T. Samulski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 5972 (2004)
F. Du, Z. Guo, G. Li, Mater. Lett. 59, 2563 (2005)
S. Fujihara, T. Maeda, H. Ohgi, E. Hosono, H. Imai, S. Kim, Langmuir 20, 6476 (2004)
J. Duan, S. Yang, H. Liu, J. Gong, H. Huang, X. Zhao, R. Zhang, Y. Du, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 6180 (2005)
Y. Liu, E. Koep, M. Liu, Chem. Mater. 17, 3997 (2005)
Z.R. Dai, J.L. Gole, J.D. Stout, Z.L. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 1274 (2002)
J.Q. Hu, X.L. Ma, N.G. Shang, Z.Y. Xie, N.B. Wong, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, J. Phys. Chem. B: 106, 3823 (2002)
F. Pourfayaz, A. Khodadadi, Y. Mortazavi, S. S. Mohajerzadeh, Sensors Actuators B: 108, 172 (2005)
S. Capone, P. Siciliano, F. Quaranta, R. Rella, M. Epifani, L. Vasanelli, Sensors and Actuators B 77, 503 (2001)
K. Nakamoto, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds (Wiley, New York, 1978)
P. G. Harrison and A. Guest, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 83, 3383 (1987)
H. Zhu, D. Yang, G. Yu, H. Zhang, K. Yao, Nanotechnology 17, 2386 (2006)
M. Acciarri, C. Canevali, C. M. Mari, M. Mattoni, R. Ruffo, R. Scotti, F. Morazzoni, Chem. Mater. 15, 2646 (2003)
G. Carturan, R. Ceccato, G. Principi, U. Russo, J. radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 190, 419 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Hassanzadeh, A., Moazzez, B., Haghgooie, H. et al. Synthesis of SnO2 nanopowders by a sol-gel process using propanol-isopropanol mixture. cent.eur.j.chem. 6, 651–656 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0072-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0072-x