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Ketanserin in the Treatment of Diabetes-Associated Hypertension

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Summary

Ketanserin is an S2-serotonergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity. 24 patients with diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension were studied with a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Ketanserin given in doses up to 80mg daily caused a slight decrease of supine and upright blood pressure. However, these pressures did not differ significantly from those observed in the placebo group. There were no significant changes in heart rate, bodyweight, plasma concentrations of glucose, C-peptide, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides, their lipoprotein fractions and the responses of plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin to an oral glucose loading test. In 8 hypertensive diabetics, ketanserin administered for 8 weeks did not modify plasma angiotensin II and noradrenaline concentrations or the pressor reactivity to phenylephrine, angiotensin II and noradrenaline.

Thus, in diabetic patients with arterial hypertension, ketanserin has a weak antihypertensive effect, does not unfavourably influence glucose and lipid metabolism and does not modify sympathetic-dependent regulation.

Résumé

La kétansérine est un antagoniste des récepteurs sérotoninergiques S2 doué d’activité antihypertensive. Vingt-quatre diabétiques atteints d’hypertension artérielle légère ont participé à une étude contrôlée, en double-insu, contre placebo. Administrée à des doses quotidiennes allant jusqu’à 80 mg, la kétansérine a entrainé une légère diminution de la pression artérielle systolique et diastolique, les valeurs obtenues ne différant cependant pas significativement de celles observées dans le groupe placebo. Il n’y a eu aucune modification significative des paramètres suivants: fréquence cardiaque, poids corporel, glycémie, concentration plasmatique de C-peptide, hémoglobine glycosylée, cholestérolémie totale, triglycéridémie totale, fractions des lipoprotéines plasmatiques, réponse de la glycémie et de l’insuline immuno-réactive à une épreuve d’hyperglycémie provoquée par voie orale. Chez 8 diabétiques hypertendus, la kétansérine administrée pendant 8 semaines n’a pas modifié les concentrations plasmatiques d’angiotensine-II et de noradrénaline, ni les réponses de la pression artérielle à la phénylé-phrine, à l’angiotensine-II ou à la noradrénaline.

Chez les diabétiques hypertendus, la kétansérine fait donc preuve d’un faible effet anti-hypertenseur, n’ exerce aucune activité néfaste sur le métabolisme des lipides et sur la glycémie et ne modifie pas les effets métaboliques sous contrôle sympathique.

Zusammenfassung

Ketanserin is ein S2-serotonerger Rezeptorantagonist mit blutdrucksenkender Wirkung. In einer placebokontrollierten Doppelblindstudie wurden 24 Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und leichter Hypertonie untersucht. In Dosen bis zu 80 mg täglich bewirkte Ketanserin eine geringfügige Abnahme des Blutdrucks im Liegen und Stehen. Diese Druckwerte unterschieden sich jedoch nicht signifikant von den Werten in der Placebo-Gruppe. Herzfrequenz, Körpergewicht, Plasmaglukosekonzentrationen, C-Peptide, glykosyliertes Hämoglobin, Plasmagesamtcholesterin und Plasmatriglyzeride, ihre Lipoproteinfraktionen und die Reaktionen von Plasmaglukose und immunreaktivem Insulin auf einen oralen Glukosetoleranztest veränderten sich nicht signifikant. Bei 8 hypertonischen Diabetikern veränderte über 8 Wochen verabreichtes Ketanserin weder die Angiotensin-II- und Noradrenalinkonzentrationen im Plasma noch die Pressorreaktivität auf Phenylephrin, Angiotensin II und Noradrenalin.

Bei Diabetikern mit arterieller Hypertonie entfaltet Ketanserin eine schwache blutdrucksenkende Wirkung, beeinflußt den Glukose- und Lipidstoffwechsel nicht nachteilig und läßt die Sympathikus-abhängige Regulation unverändert.

Resumen

Ketanserin es un antagonista de los receptores S2-serotonérgicos, con actividad antihipertensora. En un ensayo de doble ciego, con un placebo como testigo, se estudiaron 24 pacientes con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión benigna. El ketanserin, administrado en dosis diarias de hasta 80 mg, produjo una ligera disminución de la presión sanguínea en posición supina y levantada. Sin embargo, estas presiones no difirieron de modo significativo, de las observadas en el grupo tratado con placebo. No hubo cambios significativos en el ritmo cardíaco, peso corporal, concentración de glucosa en plasma, péptido C, hemoglobina glucosilada, colesterol total y triglicéridos en plasma, sus fracciones lipoprotéicas y las respuestas de glucosa en plasma e insulina inmunorreactiva en una prueba de carga oral de glucosa. En 8 diabéticos hipertensos, la administración de ketanserin durante 8 semanas no modificó las concentraciones de angiotensina II y noradrenalina en plasma, ni la reactividad presora frente a fenilefrina, angiotensina II y noradrenalina.

Esto pone de manifiesto que, en pacientes diabéticos con hipertensión arterial, ketanserin posee un débil efecto antihipertensor, no influye de modo desfavorable el metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos y no modifica la regulación simp á tico-dependiente.

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Beretta-Piccoli, C. Ketanserin in the Treatment of Diabetes-Associated Hypertension. Drugs 36 (Suppl 1), 35–43 (1988). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-198800361-00007

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