Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ACE Inhibitors

Drug Interactions of Clinical Significance

  • Review Article
  • Drug Experience
  • Published:
Drug Safety Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

ACE inhibitors are used widely in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, but there is only limited information on adverse interactions between ACE inhibitors and other cardiovascular or noncardiovascular drugs. The present article provides an overview of this issue, with emphasis on those interactions having the greatest clinical implications.

In patients who have been sodium and/or volume depleted by thiazide or loop diuretics, the additional use of ACE inhibitors can lead to an excessive reduction in blood pressure and symptomatic hypotension. An increase in serum potassium levels may occur after coadministration of potassium-sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitors, resulting in hyperkalaemia especially in patients with renal insufficiency. The incidence of acute renal failure may be associated with ACE inhibitor therapy when these drugs are combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and given to patients whose renal function becomes increasingly dependent on angiotensin II and prostaglandins. There is some evidence, albeit scant, linking ACE inhibitors with the induction of lithium toxicity in patients maintained on lithium, and with the occurrence of severe hypersensitivity reactions in patients undergoing haemodialysis, venom immunisation or concomitant allopurinol therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. The 1988 Joint National Committee. The 1988 report of the Joint National Committee on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1023–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Unger Th, Gohlke P. Converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiovascular therapy: current status and future potential. Cardiovasc Res 1994; 28: 146–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ryan N, Higgins G. Surprise results from ISIS-4 and GISSI-3. New Ethicals 1994; 31: 75–7

    Google Scholar 

  6. Shionoiri H. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with ACE inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993; 25: 20–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ondetti MA. Structural relationships of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors to pharmacologic activity. Circulation 1988; 77 Suppl. 1: 174–18

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gohlke P, Lamberty V, Kuwer I, et al. Long-term low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition treatment increases vascular cyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate. Hypertension 1993; 22: 682–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gohlke P, Linz W, Schölkens BA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves cardiac function. Role of bradykinin. Hypertension 1994; 23: 411–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Stauss HM, Zhu Y-C, Redlich Th, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in infarct-induced heart failure in rats: bradykinin versus angiotensin II. J Cardiovasc Risk 1994; 1: 255–62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Linz W, Wiemer G, Gohlke P, et al. Contribution of kinins to the cardiovascular actions of ACE inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev. In press

  12. Todd PA, Goa KL. Enalapril. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in hypertension. Drugs 1992; 43: 346–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Di Bianco R. Adverse reactions with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Med Toxicol 1986; 1: 122–41

    Google Scholar 

  14. Clealand JGF, Dargie HJ, Ball SG, et al. Effects of enalapril in heart failure: a double blind study on exercise performance, renal function, hormones and metabolic state. Br Heart J 1985; 54: 305–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Packer M, Lee WH, Kessler PD. Functional renal insufficiency during long-term therapy with captopril and enalapril in severe chronic heart failure. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106: 346–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Packer M, Lee WH, Kessler PD. Preservation of glomerular filtration rate in human heart failure by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Circulation 1986; 74: 766–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zanella MT, Mattei Jr E, Draible SA, et al. Inadequate aldosterone response to hyperkalaemia during angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic renal failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985; 38: 613–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Weber MA. Safety issues during antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin converting inhibitors. Am J Med 1988; 84 Suppl. 4A: 16–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Balfour JA, Goa KL. Benazepril. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Drugs 1991; 42: 511–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wood SM, Mann RD, Rawlins MD. Angio-oedema and urticaria associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. BMJ 1987; 294: 91–2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Warner NJ, Rush JE. Safety profiles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Drugs 1988; 35 Suppl. 5: 89–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wadworth AN, Brodgen RN. Quinapril. A review of its pharmacological properties, and therapeutic efficacy in cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1991; 41: 378–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Plosker GI, Sorkin EM. Quinapril. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1994; 48: 227–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Todd PA, Fitton A. Perindopril. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1991; 42: 90–114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Weinberger MH. Comparison of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 14: 127S-31S

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lancaster SG, Todd PA. Lisinopril. A preliminary review of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Drugs 1988; 35: 646–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Todd PA, Benfield P. Ramipril. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1990; 39: 110–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wiseman LR, McTavish D. Trandolapril. A review of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and therapeutic use in essential hypertension. Drugs 1994; 48: 71–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Deget F, Brodgen RN. Cilazapril. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1991; 41: 799–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kaiser G, Dresse A, Ackermann R, et al. Interaction between benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in healthy volunteers [abstract]. Eur Heart J 1989; 10 (Suppl.): 118

    Google Scholar 

  31. Horvath AM, Ferry JJ, Sedman AJ, et al. Lack of a quinapril-hydrochlorothiazide pharmacokinetic drug interaction in healthy volunteers [abstract]. J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 27: 720

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nilsen OG, Sellevold OFM, Romfo OS, et al. Pharmaeokinetics and effects on renal function following cilazapril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 27: 323S-8S

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Todd PA, Heel RC. Enalapril. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Drugs 1986; 31: 198–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gomez HJ, Vincent JC, Moncloa F. The clinical pharmacology of lisinopril. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1987; 9 Suppl. 3: S27–S34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Brown CL, Backhouse CI, Grippat JC, et al. The effect of perindopril and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and on the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 39: 327–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Duchin KL, McKinstry DN, Cohen AI, et al. Pharmacokinetics of captopril in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988; 14: 241–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Beermann B. Pharmacokinetics of lisinopril. Am J Med 1988; 85 Suppl. 3B: 25–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Van Hecken AM, Verbesselt R, Buntnix A, et al. Absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between enalapril and furosemide. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 23: 84–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. De Lepeleire I, Van Hecken A, Verbesselt R, et al. Interaction between furosemide and the converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 34: 465–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Meyer BH, Muller FO, Luus HG, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction study between trandolapril, a new ACE inhibitor, and furosemide [abstract]. J Hypertens 1992; 10 Suppl. 4: 274

    Google Scholar 

  41. Johnston GD, Passmore AP. The effects of cilazapril alone and in combination with frusemide in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 27 Suppl. 2: 235–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Niarchos AP, Pickering TG, Case DB, et al. Role of renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure regulation. The cardiovascular effects of converting enzyme inhibition in normotensive subjects. Circ Res 1979; 45: 829–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. MacGregor GA, Markandu ND, Singer DRJ, et al. Moderate sodium restriction with angiotensin converting inhibitor: a double blind study. BMJ 1987; 294: 531–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Vidt DG (for the Multiclinic Study Group).A controlled multi-clinic study to compare the antihypertensive effects of MK-421, hydrochlorothiazide, and MK-421 combined with hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1984; 2 Suppl. 2: 81–8

    Google Scholar 

  45. Pethica BD. Safety and tolerability of benazepril in the treatment of hypertension — an overview. In: Brunner HR, Salvetti A, Sever PS, editors. Benazepril: profile of a new ACE inhibitor. Royal Society of Medicine Services International Congress and Symposium Series No. 166. Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1990: 161–7

  46. Carretero OA, Scicli AG. The renal kallikrein-kinin system in human and in experimental hypertension. Am J Physiol 1980; 238: F247–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. McLay JS, McMurray JJ, Bridges AB, et al. Acute effects of captopril on the renal actions of furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 1993; 126: 879–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Toussaint C, Masselink A, Gentges A, et al. Interference of different ACE-inhibitors with the diuretic action of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide. Klin Wochenschr 1989; 67: 1138–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Waeber B, Gavras I, Brunner HR, et al. Safety and efficacy of chronic therapy with captopril in hypertensive patients I. An update. J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 21: 508–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ponce SP, Jennings AE, Madias NE, et al. Drug-induced hyperkalemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 1985; 64: 357–70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Speirs CJ, Dollery CT, Inman WHW, et al. Postmarketing surveillance of enalapril. II: Investigation of the potential role of enalapril in deaths with renal failure. BMJ 1988; 297: 830–2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Singer DRJ, Markandu ND, Shore AC, et al. Captopril and nifedipine in combination for moderate to severe essential hypertension. Hypertension 1987; 9: 629–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Brouwer RML, Bolli P, Erné P, et al. Antihypertensive treatment using calcium antagonists in combination with captopril rather than diuretics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985; 7: S88–S91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Guazzi MD, DeCesare N, Galli C, et al. Calcium channel blockade with nifedipine and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in the therapy of patients with severe primary hypertension. Circulation 1984; 70: 279–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. MacGregor GA, Markandu ND, Smith SJ, et al. Captopril: contrasting effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol, or nifedipine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985; 7 Suppl. 1: S82–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Pieri R, Nardeccia A, Pirelli A. Combined nifedipine and captopril treatment in moderately severe primary hypertension. Am J Nephrol 1986; 6 Suppl. 1: 111–4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Salvetti A, Innocenti PF, Iardella M, et al. Captopril and nifedipine interactions in the treatment of essential hypertensives: a crossover study. J Hypertens 1987; 5 Suppl. 4: S139–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. DeQuattro V. Benazepril compared with other antihypertensive agents, singly and in combination — a review. In: Brunner HR, Salvetti A, Sever PS, editors. Benazepril: profile of a new ACE inhibitor. Royal Society of Medicine Services International Congress and Symposium Series No.166. Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1990: 91–8

  59. Loock ME, Rossouw DS, Venter CP. Benazepril and nifedipine alone and in combination for the treatment of essential hypertension in Black patients [abstract]. Chest 1990; 98 Suppl.: 17S

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kloke HJ, Huysmans FThM, Wetzels JFM, et al. Antihypertensive effects of nitrendipine and cilazapril alone, and in combination in hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 27: 289S-99S

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Donnelly R, Elliot HL, Reid JL. Nicardipine combined with enalapril in patients with essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22: 283S-7S

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Sun JX, Cipriano A, Chan K, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction study between benazepril and amlodipine in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 47: 285–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Bainbridge AD, MacFadyen RJ, Lees KR, et al. A study of the acute pharmacodynamic interaction of ramipril and felodipine in normotensive subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 148–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Tremblay D, Patat A, Rey E, et al. Absence of interaction between trandolapril and nifedipine [abstract]. J Hypertens 1992; 10 Suppl. 4: 342

    Google Scholar 

  65. Douglas WW. Polypeptides — angiotensin, plasma kinins, and others. In: Goodman Gilman A, Goodman LS, Rall TW, et al, editors. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: MacMillan, 1985: 639–59

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kondowe GB, Copeland S, Passmore AP, et al. The effect of chronic captopril therapy on adrenergic receptors, plasma noradrenaline and the vascular responses to infused noradrenaline. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 32: 229–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Pickering TG. The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Am J Hypertens 1991; 4: 73S-8S

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Unger Th, Gohlke P, Gruber MG. Converting enzyme inhibitors. In: Ganten D, Mulrow PJ, editors. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vol 93. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1990: 377–481

    Google Scholar 

  69. Pickering TG, Case DB, Sullivan PA, et al. Comparison of antihypertensive and hormonal effects of captopril and propranolol at rest and during exercise. Am J Cardiol 1982; 49: 1566–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Gengo FM, Brady E. The pharmacokinetics of benazepril relative to other ACE inhibitors. Clin Cardiol 1991; 14 Suppl. IV: 44–50

    Google Scholar 

  71. Belz GG, Breithaupt K, Erb K, et al. Influence of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril, the β-blocker propranolol and their combination on haemodynamics in hypertension. J Hypertens 1989; 7: 817–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Wing LMH, Chalmers JP, West MJ, et al. Enalapril and atenolol in essential hypertension: attenuation of hypotensive effects in combination. Clin Exp Hypertens 1988; 10 Part A: 119–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Franz IW, Behr V, Ketelhur R. Resting and exercise blood pressure with atenolol, enalapril and a low dose combination. J Hypertens 1987; 5 Suppl. 3: 537–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Clealand JGF, Dargie HJ, Pettigrew A, et al. The effects of captopril on serum digoxin and urinary urea and digoxin clearance in patients with congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1986; 112: 130–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Magelli C, Bassein L, Ribani MA, et al. Lack of effect of captopril on serum digoxin in congestive heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 22: 752–3

    Google Scholar 

  76. Miyakawa T, Kobayashi L, Shionoiri H. The effect of captopril on serum digoxin concentration in patients with mild congestive heart failure [abstract]. Circulation 1987; 76: IV–86

    Google Scholar 

  77. Douste-Blazy Ph, Blanc M, Montastruc JL, et al. Is there any interaction between digoxin and enalapril? Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 22: 752–3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Vandenburg MJ, Kelly JG, Wiseman WT, et al. The effect of lisinopril on digoxin pharmacokinetics in patients with congestive heart failure [abstract]. Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society, 1988 Jan 6–8; London. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 25: 656P-7P

    Google Scholar 

  79. Vandenburg MJ, Stephens JD, Dews IM, et al. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between digoxin and perindopril after chronic treatment of patients with congestive heart failure [abstract]. J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: 858

    Google Scholar 

  80. Kleinbloesem CH, van Brummelen P, Francis RJ, et al. Clinical pharmacology of cilazapril. Drugs 1991; 41 Suppl. 1: 3–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Vandenburg MJ, Morris F, Marks C, et al. A study of the potential pharmacokinetic interaction of lisinopril and digoxin in healthy volunteers. Xenobiotica 1988; 18: 1179–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Ferry JJ, Sedman AJ, Hengy H, et al. Concomitant multiple dose quinapril administration does not alter the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin [abstract]. Pharm Res 1987; 4 Suppl.: 98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Kromer EP, Elsner D, Riegger GAJ. Digoxin, converting-enzyme inhibition (quinapril), and the combination in patients with congestive heart failure function class II and sinus rhythm. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16: 9–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Doering W, Maass L, Irmisch R, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction study with ramipril and digoxin in healthy volunteers. Am J Cardiol 1987: 59: 60D-4D

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Johnson BF, Wilson J, Johnson J, et al. Digoxin pharmacokinetics and spirapril, a new ACE inhibitor. J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 527–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Swartz SL, Williams GH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and prostaglandins. Am J Cardiol 1982; 49: 1405–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Salvetti A, Pedrinelli R, Magagna A, et al. Differential effects of selective and non-selective prostaglandin-synthesis inhibition on the pharmacological responses to captopril in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Sci 1982; 63: 261S-3S

    Google Scholar 

  88. Salvetti A, Abdel-Haq B, Magagna A, et al. Indomethacin reduces the antihypertensive action of enalapril. Clin Exp Hypertens 1987; A9: 559–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Lucarini AR, Abdel-Haq B, Arrighi P, et al. Are prostaglandins involved in the systemic and renal haemodynamic actions of lisinopril? [abstract]. Am J Hypertens 1989; 2: 113A

    Google Scholar 

  90. Abdel-Haq B, Magagana A, Favilla S, et al. Hemodynamic and humoral interactions between perindopril and indomethacin in essential hypertensive subjects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 18 Suppl. 7: S33–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Kirch W, Stroemer K, Hoogkamer JFW, et al. The influence of prostaglandin inhibition by indomethacin on blood pressure and renal function in hypertensive patients treated with cilazapril. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 27 Suppl. 2: 297–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Belz GG, Kirch W, Kleinbloesem CH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Relationship between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988; 15: 295–318

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hall D, Zeitler H, Rudolph W. Counteraction of the vasodilator effects of enalapril by aspirin in severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 1549–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Van Wijngaarden J, Smit AJ, de Graeff PA, et al. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on peripheral hemodynamics in patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994; 23: 240–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Heeg JE, de Jong PE, Vriesendorp R, et al. Additive anti-proteinuric effect of the NSAID indomethacin and the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. Am J Nephrol 1990; 10 Suppl. 1: 94–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Heeg JE, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D. Additive anti-proteinuric effect of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: a clue to the mechanism of action. Clin Sci 1991; 81: 367–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Packer M. Interaction of prostaglandins and angiotensin II in the modulation of renal function in congestive heart failure. Circulation 1988; 77 Suppl. 1: I64–I73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Dietz R, Nagel F, Osterziel K-J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and renal function in heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 119C-25C

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Seelig CB, Maloley PA, Campbell JR. Nephrotoxicity associated with concomitant ACE inhibitor and NSAID therapy. South Med J 1990; 83: 1144–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Cinotti GA. Clinical assessment of the renal toxicity of anti-rheumatic drugs. Arch Toxicol 1984; 7 (Suppl.): 338–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Murray MD, Brater DG. Renal toxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1993; 32: 435–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Nicolls MG, Gilchrist NL. Sulindac and cough induced by converting enzyme inhibitors. Lancet 1987; 1: 872

    Google Scholar 

  103. Gilchrist NL, Richards AM, March R, et al. Effect of sulindac on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: randomised placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study. J Hum Hypertens 1989; 3: 451–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Choudry N, McEwan JR, Fuller RW. The effects of sulindac on the cough associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy [abstract]. Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society, 1988 Dec 19–21; London. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 27: 657P-8P

    Google Scholar 

  105. Murray BM, Venuto RC, Kohli R, et al. Enalapril-associated acute renal failure in renal transplants: possible role of cyclosporine. Am J Kidney Dis 1990; 16: 66–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Pulik M, Lida H. Interaction lithium-inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion. Presse Médicale 1988; 17: 755

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Douste-Blazy Ph, Rostin M, Livaek B, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and lithium treatment. Lancet 1986; 1: 1448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Correa FJ, Eiser AR. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and lithium toxicity. Am J Med 1992; 93: 108–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Baldwin CM, Safferman AZ. A case of lisinopril-induced lithium toxicity. DICP 1990; 24: 946–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Navis GJ, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D. Volume homeostasis, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, and lithium therapy. Am J Med 1989; 86: 621

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Fernere M, Lachkar H, Richard JL, et al. Captopril and insulin sensitivity. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102: 134–5

    Google Scholar 

  112. Helgeland A, Strommen R, Hagelund C, et al. Enalapril, atenolol, and hydrochlorothiazide in mild to moderate hypertension. Lancet 1986; 1: 872–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Pollare T, Lithel H, Berne C. A comparison of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 868–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Rett K, Wicklmayr M, Dietze GJ. Hypoglycemia in hypertensive diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas, biguanides, and captopril. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1609

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Arauz-Pacheco C, Ramirez LC, Rios JM, et al. Hypoglycemia induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes receiving sulfonylurea therapy. Am J Med 1990; 89: 811–3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Shionoiri H, Iino S, Inoue S. Glucose metabolism during captopril mono- and combination-therapy in diabetic hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 1987; 9 Part A: 675–9

    Google Scholar 

  117. Goldner MG, Knatterud GL, Prout TE. Effects of hypoglycaemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. III. Clinical implications of UGDP results. JAMA 1971; 218: 1400–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. United Kingdom prospective diabetes study. II. Reduction in HbA1c with basal insulin supplement, sulphonylurea or biguanide therapy. Diabetes 1985; 34: 793–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Pennell DJ, Nunan TO, O’Doherty MJ, et al. Fatal Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a patient on captopril and allopurinol. Lancet 1984; 1: 463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Samanta A, Burden AC. Fever, myalgia, and arthralgia in a patient on captopril and allopurinol. Lancet 1984; 1: 679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Tielemans C, Madhoun P, Lenaers M, et al. Anaphylactoid reactions during hemodialysis on AN69 membranes in patients receiving ACE inhibitors. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 982–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Verresen L, Waer M, Vanrenterghem Y, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and anaphylactoid reactions to high-flux membrane dialysis. Lancet 1990; 2: 1360–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Alvarez-Lara MA, Martin-Malo A, Espinosa M, et al. ACE inhibitors and anaphylactoid reactions to high-flux membrane dialysis [letter]. Lancet 1991; 1: 370

    Google Scholar 

  124. Jadoul M, Struyven J, Stragier A, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and anaphylactoid reactions to high-flux membrane dialysis [letter]. Lancet 1991; 1: 112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Van Es A, Henny FC, Lobatto S. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and anaphylactoid reactions to high-flux membrane dialysis [letter]. Lancet 1991; 1: 112–3

    Google Scholar 

  126. Parnes EL, Shapiro WB. Anaphylactoid reactions in hemodialysis patients treated with the AN69 dialyzer. Kidney Int 1991; 40: 1148–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Tunon-de-Lara JM, Villanueva P, Marcos M, et al. ACE inhibitors and anaphylactoid reactions during venom immunotherapy. Lancet 1992; 1: 908

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany

    Christian Mignat & Thomas Unger

Authors
  1. Christian Mignat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thomas Unger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mignat, C., Unger, T. ACE Inhibitors. Drug-Safety 12, 334–347 (1995). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199512050-00005

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199512050-00005

Keywords

Search

Navigation