Abstract
A composite liner consisting of a geomembrane (GMB) and a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) can be compromised by inorganic contaminants because of a defective GMB. When the composite liner with defective GMB is exposed to aggressive leachate conditions, the neglect of the chemical incompatibility of the GCL can potentially result in an underestimation of the leakage rate and flux through the composite liner. This paper proposed a numerical investigation on the effect of chemical incompatibility of GCL on the barrier performance of the composite liner with hole defect. Four cases with leachate solutions having varied cation valencies and ionic strengths were analyzed, in which the hydraulic conductivity of GCL was concentration-dependent. Both the effect of the chemical incompatibility of GCL and the mechanisms were analyzed. The incompatibility of GCL resulted in significant increases in leakage rate and flux through the composite liner by factors of up to 4.9 and 5.0, respectively. The incompatibility-affected area in GCL is located within 0.1 m from the center of the hole in the GMB. The coupled increase in the hydraulic conductivity of GCL and pore water concentration impacts the flux and leakage in a short period of time. With GCL chemical incompatibility considered, advection may dominate the contaminant transport through GCL.
目的
考虑膨润土防水毯(GCL)的化学相容性会影响带缺陷的复合衬垫中的渗流与污染物迁移。本文旨在探讨GCL的化学不相容性对复合衬垫的防污性能(衬垫底部的渗漏量以及污染物通量)产生的影响并分析导致这种影响产生的机理。
创新点
1. 采用逻辑斯蒂函数模型拟合GCL渗透系数与无机渗滤液中盐浓度之间的关系;2. 在计算模型中引入GCL渗透系数与孔隙水浓度的耦合曲线,模拟了在考虑GCL化学不相容性条件下复合衬垫中的渗流与污染物迁移过程;3. 采用计算过程中衬垫内各物理量的实时变化表征了GCL化学不相容性的影响机理。
方法
1. 通过数据收集、归纳与拟合得到GCL渗透系数在无机盐溶液中与溶液浓度之间的关系(图1和3,公式(5));2. 通过建立数值模型并引入GCL渗透系数与孔隙水浓度的耦合曲线,模拟在考虑GCL化学不相容性条件下复合衬垫中的渗流与污染物迁移过程,计算GCL化学不相容性对复合衬垫防污性能的影响大小(图5);3. 通过对污染物迁移过程中衬垫内的浓度、水头、流速以及通量分布的分析,得到GCL化学相容性影响衬垫性能的机理(图6~10)。
结论
1. 在评估带缺陷复合衬垫防污性能时,尤其是对于含高浓度无机阳离子渗滤液的填埋场,有必要考虑GCL的化学不相容性;2. GCL的化学不相容性会导致孔洞正下方GCL中流速与通量明显增加,以及润湿区半径减小;3. GCL中化学不相容性的影响区域很小,在所有考虑的工况中均小于0.1 m,且化学不相容性导致GCL渗透系数会在极短的时间内迅速增高;4. GCL的化学不相容性显著增加了通过复合衬垫的对流通量与扩散通量的比值。
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2018YFC1802304 and 2019YFC1806002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42077241 and 51988101).
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Shiyuan YAO and Yuchao LI designed the research. Shiyuan YAO and Guannian CHEN processed the corresponding data. Shiyuan YAO and Shan TONG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Yuchao LI and Yunmin CHEN helped to organize the manuscript. Shan TONG revised and edited the final version.
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Shiyuan YAO, Yuchao LI, Shan TONG, Guannian CHEN, and Yunmin CHEN declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Yao, S., Li, Y., Tong, S. et al. Numerical investigation of the effect of geosynthetic clay liner chemical incompatibility on flow and contaminant transport through a defective composite liner. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 24, 557–568 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2200416
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2200416
Key words
- Geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)
- Chemical incompatibility
- Leakage
- Contaminant transport
- Hydraulic conductivity