Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A parameter study on the age at cracking of bonded concrete overlays subjected to restrained shrinkage

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bonded concrete overlays form a common repair method for structures damaged by reinforcement corrosion. In terms of repair performance, overlay cracking is one of the most important aspects and needs to be minimized in practice. In this paper, the age of cracking of bonded concrete overlays with respect to various influencing parameters, including material properties, environmental conditions, curing duration, and overlay thickness, was investigated. Overlay stresses were calculated using a simplified analytical model that was previously shown to represent the cracking behavior of actual composite substrate–overlay specimens. Relevant overlay material parameters such as tensile strength, creep, shrinkage and elastic modulus were calculated according to the provisions given in BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures; part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings, 2004). Overlay cracking was found to reduce with increasing overlay strength, increasing overlay thickness, and increasing ambient relative humidity. A quantification of the influence of these parameters in isolation, as well as in combination with each other is presented and the relevance of various overlay material properties is discussed. The duration of curing was found not to have a significant influence on overlay cracking, longer curing resulting in poorer performance, especially in high strength overlays.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Altoubat SA, Lange DA (2001) Creep, shrinkage, and cracking of restrained concrete at early age. ACI Mater J 98(4):323

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bentur A, Kovler K (2003) Evaluation of early age cracking characteristics in cementitious systems. Mater Struct 36:183–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Beushausen H, Alexander MG (2006) Failure mechanisms and tensile relaxation of bonded concrete overlays subjected to differential shrinkage. Cem Concr Res 36(2006):1908–1914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Beushausen H, Alexander MG (2007) Localised strain and stress in bonded concrete overlays subjected to differential shrinkage. Mater Struct 40(2):189–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Beushausen H, Chilwesa M (2013) Assessment and prediction of drying shrinkage cracking in bonded mortar overlays. Cem Concr Res 53:256–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Beushausen H, Masuku C, Moyo P (2012) Relaxation characteristics of cement mortar subjected to tensile strain. Mater Struct 45(8):1181–1188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bissonnette B, Courard L, Fowler D, Granju JL (eds) (2011) Bonded cement-based material overlays for the repair, the lining or the strengthening of slabs or pavements. State of the Art Report RILEM TC 193-RLS, Springer, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-007-1238-6

  8. BS EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures; part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. British Standards Institute, London

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gilbert RI (1988) Time effects in concrete structures. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gutsch AW (2002) Properties of early age concrete—experiments and modeling. Mater Struct 35:76–79

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gutsch A, Rostasy FS (1995) Young concrete under high tensile stress-creep, relaxation and cracking. In: Springenschmid R (ed) Thermal cracking in concrete at early ages. Early Ages. E & FN Spon. 111, London

    Google Scholar 

  12. Harrington D (2008) Guide to concrete overlays, 2nd edn. National Concrete Pavement Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kordina K, Schubert L, Troitzsch U (2000) Kriechen von Beton unter Zugbeanspruchung (creep of concrete subjected to tensile stress), Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton, Heft 498. Beuth Verlag, Berlin (in German)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Li M, Li VC (2006) Behavior of ECC/concrete layered repair system under drying shrinkage conditions. Restor Build Monum 12:143–160

    Google Scholar 

  15. Morimoto H, Koyanagi W (1995) Estimation of stress relaxation in concrete at early ages. In: Springenschmid R (ed) Thermal cracking in concrete at early ages. Early Ages. E & FN Spon. 95, London

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mueller HS, Haist M (2009) FIB, structural concrete. textbook on behaviour, design and performance—updated knowledge of the CEB/FIP Model Code 1990, vol 1. fib Bulletin 1, fib, Fédération Internationale du Béton, Lausanne, pp 35–95

  17. Pigeon M, Bissonnette B (1999) Tensile creep and cracking potential. Concr Int 21:31–35

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pigeon M, Toma G, Delagrave A, Bissonnette B, Marchand J, Prince JC (2000) Equipment for the analysis of the behaviour of concrete under restrained shrinkage at early ages. Mag Concr Res 52(4):297–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Shin AH, Lange D (2012) Effects of overlay thickness on surface cracking and debonding in bonded concrete overlays. Can J Civ Eng 39(3):304–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Silfwerbrand J (1997) Stresses and strains in composite concrete beams subjected to differential shrinkage. ACI Struct J 94(4):347–353

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tarek A, Jay G, Sanjayan (2008) Factors contributing to early age shrinkage cracking of slag concretes subjected to 7-days moist curing. Mater Struct 41:633–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tongaroonsri S, Tangtermsirikul S (2009) Effect of mineral admixtures and curing periods on shrinkage and cracking age under restrained condition. Constr Build Mater 23:1050–1056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tran QT, Toumi A, Turatsinze (2008) Thin bonded cement-based overlays: numerical analysis of factors influencing their debonding under monotonic loading. Mater Struct 41:863–877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Weiss J, Yang W, Shah SP (1998) Shrinkage cracking of restrained concrete slabs. J Eng Mech 124:765–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. West M, Darwin D, Browning J (2010) Effect of materials and curing period on shrinkage of concrete, SM report no. 98, The University of Kansas Center for Research Inc

  26. Yuan Y, Li G, Cai Y (2003) Modeling for prediction of restrained shrinkage effect in concrete repair. Cem Concr Res 33(2003):347–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yuan Y, Marsszeky M (1994) Restrained shrinkage in repaired reinforced concrete elements. Mater Struct 27(1994):375–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Hans Beushausen

Authors
  1. Hans Beushausen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hans Beushausen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Beushausen, H. A parameter study on the age at cracking of bonded concrete overlays subjected to restrained shrinkage. Mater Struct 49, 1905–1916 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0622-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0622-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation