Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to establish a method to analyse the progressive failure of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) over time, with the aim of devising a mathematical formula that contemplates the mechanisms of degradation, the type of cladding and the characteristics of the system itself. Apart from the theoretical work, the method is based on field work, which consists of the visual inspection of a sample of buildings under normal exposure conditions. The data obtained in the field survey are processed and converted into numeric indicators to allow identification of the degradation patterns and estimation of a reference service life for ETICS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barreira E, Freitas VP (2013) Experimental study of the hygrothermal behaviour of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS). Build Environ. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.02.001
Bordalo R, de Brito J, Gaspar P, Silva A (2011) Service life prediction modelling of adhesive ceramic tiling systems. Build Res Inf 39(1):66–78
Chew M (2005) Defect analysis in wet areas of buildings. Constr Build Mater 19(3):165–173
Collina A, Lignola GP (2010) The external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) more than comfort and energy saving. In: 3rd Portuguese congress on construction mortars (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal
Edis E, Türkeri N (2012) Durability of external thermal insulation composite systems in Istanbul, Turkey. ITU J Fac Archit 9(1):134–148
Flores-Colen I, de Brito J (2010) A systematic approach for maintenance budgeting of buildings façades based on predictive and preventive strategies. Constr Build Mater 24(9):1718–1729
Freitas VP, Abrantes V, Crausse P (1996) Moisture migration in buildings walls—analysis of the interface phenomena. Build Environ 31(2):99–108
Gaspar P (2009) Service life of constructions. Development of a methodology to estimate the durability of construction elements, Application to renders in current buildings (in Portuguese). PhD Thesis in Engineering Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
Gaspar P, de Brito J (2011) Limit states and service life of cement renders on façades. Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE J. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000312
Guimarães AS, Delgado JMPQ, de Freitas VP (2010) Mathematical analysis of the evaporative process of a new technological treatment of rising damp in historic buildings. Build Environ 45(1):414–2420
Hossain KM, Easa SM, Lachemi M (2009) Evaluation of the effect of marine salts on urban built infrastructure. Build Environ 44(4):713–722
Marteinsson B, Jónsson, B (1999) Overall survey of buildings—performance and maintenance. In: 8th DBMC, International conference on the durability of building materials and components; Ottawa, Canada: pp 1634–1654
Kočí V, Maděra J, Černý R (2012) Exterior thermal insulation systems for AAC building envelopes: computational analysis aimed at increasing service life. Energy Build 47:84–90
Kumar D, Patnaikuni I (2012) Why simplified asset management is vital for organizational growth. Int J Constr Eng Manag 1(3):14–19
Lourenço PB, Krakowiak KJ, Fernandes FM, Ramos LF (2007) Failure analysis of Monastery of Jerónimos, Lisbon: how to learn from sophisticated numerical models. Eng Fail Anal 14(2):280–300
Mendes Silva JAR, Falorca J (2009) A model plan for buildings maintenance with application in the performance analysis of a composite facade cover. Constr Build Mater 23(10):3248–3257
Meola M, Maio RD, Roberti N, Carlomagno GM (2005) Application of infrared thermography and geophysical methods for defect detection in architectural structures. Eng Fail Anal 12(6):875–892
Moser K (2004) Engineering design methods for service life prediction. In: CIB W080/RILEM 175 SLM: Service life methodologies prediction of service life for buildings and components, Trondheim, Norway, pp 59–102
Nilica R, Harmuth H (2005) Mechanical and fracture mechanical characterization of building materials used for external thermal insulation composite systems. Cem Concr Res 35(8):1641–1645
Shohet I, Rosenfeld Y, Puterman, M, Gilboa E (1999) Deterioration patterns for maintenance management—a methodological approach. In: 8th DBMC, International conference on the durability of building materials and components; Ottawa, Canada, pp 1666–1678
Rikey M, Cotgrave A (2005) The context of maintenance. In: Construction technology: the technology of refurbishment and maintenance, vol 3, Macmillan Palgrave, New York, pp 50–6
Rivas T, Alvarez E, Mosquera MJ, Alejano L, Taboada J (2010) Crystallization modifiers applied in granite desalination: the role of the stone pore structure. Constr Build Mater 24(5):766–776
Rouni GK, Kirn M (2006) Efficient energy thermal insulation façade systems for optimal savings and flexibility in architectural design. In: International workshop on energy performance and environmental quality of buildings, Milos Island, Greece, pp 1–7
Sabbioni C, Zappia G, Riontino C, Blanco-Varela MT, Aguilera J, Puertas F, Van Balen K, Toumbakari EE (2001) Atmospheric deterioration of ancient and modern hydraulic mortars. Atmos Environ 35(3):539–548
Shohet I, Paciuk M (2004) Service life prediction of exterior cladding components under standard conditions. Constr Manag Econ 22(10):1081–1090
Silva A, de Brito Jorge, Gaspar P (2011) Service life prediction model applied to natural stone wall claddings (directly adhered to the substrate). Constr Build Mater 25(9):3674–3684
Silva A, de Brito J, Gaspar P (2011) Application of the factor method to maintenance decision support for stone cladding. Autom Constr 22:165–174
Silva A, Dias JLR, Gaspar PL, de Brito J (2011) Service life prediction models for exterior stone cladding. Build Res Inf 39(6):637–653
Soroka I, Carmel D (1987) Durability of external renderings in marine environment. Durab Build Mater 5(1):61–72
Urosevic M, Sebastián-Pardo E, Cardell C (2010) Rough and polished travertine building stone decay evaluated by a marine aerosol ageing test. Constr Build Mater 24(8):1438–1448
Vanier DJ (1999) Why industry needs asset management tools. In: Innovations in urban infrastructure seminar of the APWA international public works congress, Denver, USA, pp 11–25
Preston WM (1996) Development of alternate test methods for sealant performance with exterior insulation and finish systems. In: Nelson PE, Kroll RE (eds) Exterior insulation finish systems (EIFS): materials, properties, and performance, ASTM STP 1269. American Society for Testing and Materials, Mexico
Yu K, Froese T, Grobler F (2000) A development framework for data models for computer-integrated facilities management. Automat Constr 9(2):145–167
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the ICIST Research Institute, IST, Technical University of Lisbon and the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
See Table 7.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ximenes, S., de Brito, J., Gaspar, P.L. et al. Modelling the degradation and service life of ETICS in external walls. Mater Struct 48, 2235–2249 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0305-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0305-8