Abstract
Although the use of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) for structural applications is continuously increasing, it is still limited with respect to its potentials, mainly due to the lack of International Building Codes for FRC structural elements. Within fib (Féderation Internationale du Béton), the Special Activity Group 5 is preparing a New fib Model Code that aims to update the previous CEB-FIP Model Code 90, published in 1993, that can be considered as the reference document for Eurocode 2. The New Model Code includes several innovations and addresses among other topics, new materials for structural design. In this respect, FRC will be introduced. The Technical Groups fib TG 8.3 “Fibre reinforced concrete” and fib TG 8.6 “Ultra high performance FRC” are preparing some sections of the New Model Code, including regular and high performance FRC. This paper aims to briefly explain the main concepts behind the structural rules for FRC structural design.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rossi P, Chanvillard G (eds) (2000) Fibre Reinforced Concretes. In: RILEM Proceedings of the 5th RILEM Symposium (BEFIB 2000), PRO15, BEFIB 2000. RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneux, France
di Prisco M, Felicetti R, Plizzari G (eds) (2004) Fibre-Reinforced Concrete. In: RILEM Proceedings of the 6th RILEM Symposium (BEFIB 2004), PRO39, BEFIB 2004. RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneux, France
Reinhardt HW, Naaman AE (eds) (2007) High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC5). Rilem Publication S.A.R.L., PRO53
Gettu R (ed) (2008) Fibre Reinforced Concrete: design and applications, BEFIB 2008, Bagneux, France, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., PRO60
ACI Committee 544 (1996) Design considerations for steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, ACI 544.4R-88. American Concrete Institute, ACI Farmington Hills
ACI Committee 318 (2008) Building code and commentary, Report ACI 318-08/318R-08. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills
Vandewalle L et al (2002) Recommendation of Rilem TC162-TDF: test and design methods for steel fibre reinforced concrete: design of steel fibre reinforced concrete using the σ–w method: principles and applications. Mater Struct 35:262–278
Vandewalle L et al (2003) Recommendation of Rilem TC162-TDF: test and design methods for steel fibre reinforced concrete: σ–ε-design method (final recommendation). Mater Struct 36:560–567
AFGC-SETRA (2002) Ultra High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concretes, Interim recommendations. AFGC Publication, France
Stälfiberbetong (1995) rekommendationer för konstruction, utförande och provning Betongrapport n.4. Svenska Betongföreningen, Betongrapport
Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) (2007) Guidelines for steel fiber reinforced concrete—23th Draft—richtlinie Stahlfaserbeton—DIN 1045 Annex parts 1–4, August 2007
Faserbeton R (2002) Osterreichische Vereinigung für Beton-und Bautechnik. ÖBBV, Wien
CNR-DT 204 (2006) Guidelines for design, construction and production control of fiber reinforced concrete structures. National Research Council of Italy, Italy
Vandewalle L (2000) Cracking behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with a combination of ordinary reinforcement and steel fibers. Mater Struct 33(227):164–170
UNI EN 206-1 (2006) Concrete—part 1: specification, performance, production and conformity. CEN, Brussels
Hordijk DA (1991) Local approach to fatigue of concrete. Dissertation, Delft University of Technology
Naaman AE, Reinhardt HW (2003) High performance fiber reinforced cement composites—HPFRCC4. In: RILEM Proceedings, PRO 30, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneaux, France
EN 14651 (2004) Test method for metallic fibre concrete—measuring the flexural tensile strength (limit of proportionality, residual). Varenna, Italy
di Prisco M, Colombo M, Dozio D, Mauri M (2006) SFRC ground slab: an experience on hollow core slabs. In: Proceedings of the 16th national conference (CTE ’06), Parma, 2006, pp. 965–978 (in Italian)
UNI 11039 (2003) Concrete reinforced with steel fibres. Part II: test method for the determination of first cracking strength and ductility indexes. Italian Board for Standardization, Italy
di Prisco M, Dozio D (2008) Post-tensioned SFRC beams in Fibre Reinforced Concrete: design and applications. In: di Prisco et al (eds) Proceedings of the 8th RILEM Symposium (BEFIB 08). RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneux, France, pp 899–910
di Prisco C, di Prisco M, Mauri M, Scola M (2006) A new design for stabilizing ground slopes. In: Proceedings of the 2nd fib congress, Napoli (Italy), June 5–8, 2006, ID 4-1 on CD-ROM
di Prisco M, di Prisco C, Dozio D, Galli A, Lapolla S (2008) Assessment and control of a SFRC retaining structure: mechanical issues. In: Binda et al (eds) On site assessment of concrete, masonry and timber structures. Proceedings of the international conference (SACOMATIS). RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneux, France, PRO 59, Varenna, vol 1, pp 539–604
di Prisco M, Lamperti M, Lapolla S, Khurana RS (2008) HPFRCC thin plates for precast roofing. In: Proceedings of second international symposium on ultra high performance concrete, Kassel, Germany, 2008, pp 675–682
UNI 11188 (2004) Design, production and control of Steel Fibre Reinforced structural elements. Italian Board of Standardization, Italy
Ferrara L, Dozio D, di Prisco M (2007) On the connections between fresh state behavior, fiber dispersion and toughness properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete. In: Reinhardt HW, Naaman AE (eds) High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC5). Proceedings of the 5th international RILEM Workshop, Mainz, Germany, PRO 53. RILEM Publication SARL, pp 249–258
di Prisco M, Colombo M (2006) FRC and HPFRC composites: from constitutive behaviour to structural applications, in Measuring, monitoring, and modelling concrete properties. In: Konsta-Gdoutos MS (ed) Proceedings of the international symposium dedicated to Prof. S. P. Shah, Alexandroupolis (Greece). Springer, Dordrecht, pp 59–68
Cominoli L (2007) “Studio sul calcestruzzo fibrorinforzato per applicazioni industriali: dalle proprietà del materiale al comportamento strutturale”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Brescia (ISBN 978-88-96225-10-3), 431 pp
Stahli P, van Mier JGM (2007) Manufacturing, fibre anisotropy and fracture of hybrid fibre concrete. Eng Fract Mech 74:223–242
Stahli P, Custer R, van Mier JGM (2008) On flow properties, fibre distribution, fibre orientation and flexural behaviour of FRC. Mater Struct 41(1):189–196
Lambrechts AN (2004) The variation of steel fibre reinforced concrete characteristics. Study on toughness results 2002–2003. In: di Prisco et al (eds) Fiber Reinforced Concrete: from theory to practice. International workshop on advances in Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Starrylink Editrice, Brescia, Italy, pp 135–148
Minelli F, Plizzari G (2007) Fiber reinforced concrete characterization: round panel vs. beam test toward a harmonization. In: Proceedings of 3rd central European congress on Concrete Engineering, Visegrád, Hungary. September 17–18. Publishing Company of Budapest University of Technology – Hungary, Budapest, 2007, pp 213–220
di Prisco M, Failla C, Plizzari GA, Toniolo G (2004) Italian guidelines on SFRC. In: di Prisco M et al (eds) Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: from theory to practice. Starrylink, Bergamo, pp 39–72
Dozio D (2008) SFRC structures: identification of the uniaxial tension characteristic constitutive law. Department of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano
Bazant ZP, Oh BH (1983) Crack band theory for fracture of concrete. Mater Struct 16(93):155–177
Bazant ZP, Cedolin L (1983) Finite element modeling of crack band propagation. ASCE J Struct Eng 109(1):69–92
Bazant ZP, Pijaudier-Cabot G (1988) Non-local continuum damage, localization instability and convergence. ASME J Appl Mech 55:287–293
Bazant ZP, Novak D (2003) Stochastic models for deformation and failure of quasibrittle structures: recent advances and new directions. In Bicanic N et al (eds) Computational modelling of concrete structures. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, pp 583–598
de Borst R, Mulhaus HB, Pamin J, Sluys LJ (1992) Computational modeling of localization of deformation. In: Owen DRJ et al (eds) Proceedings on computational plasticity fundamentals and applications, part II. Pineridge Press, Swansea, pp 483–508
Fokwa D, Berthaud Y (1993) Heterogeneous materials: experimental analysis of localization and the influence of size of the heterogeneities on the behaviour in tension. Mater Struct 26:136–143
di Prisco M, Felicetti R, Gambarova PG (1999) On the evaluation of the characteristic length in high strength concrete. In: Azizinamini A, Darwin D, French C (eds) High strength concrete. ASCE, Kona, Hawaii, pp 377–390
Ferrara L, di Prisco M (2001) Mode I fracture behavior in concrete: non-local damage modeling. ASCE J Eng Mech 127(7):678–692
Kooiman AG (2000) Modelling steel fibre reinforced concrete for structural design. PhD thesis, Technical University Delft, Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam
Barros JAO, Cunha VMCF, Ribeiro AF, Antunes JAB (2005) Post-cracking behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete. Mater Struct 38(275):47–56
di Prisco M, Iorio F, Plizzari G (2003) HPSFRC prestressed roof elements. In: Schnütgen B, Vandewalle L (eds) Test ad design methods for steel fibre reinforced concrete—background ad experiences. PRO 31, RILEM, Bochum, Germany, pp 161–188
Hillerborg A, Modeer M, Peterson PE (1976) Analysis of crack formation and crack growth by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements. Cement Concr Res 6:773–782
JSCE (2008) Recommendations for design and construction of high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with multiple fine cracks (HPFRCC). In: Rokugo K (ed) Concrete engineering series, p 82
di Prisco M, Felicetti R, Lamperti M, Menotti G (2004) On size effect in tension of SFRC thin plates. In: Li VC et al (eds) Fracture mechanics of concrete structures. BL Schmick and AD Pollington, USA, pp 1075–1082
di Prisco M, Ferrara L, Colombo M, Mauri M (2004) On the identification of SFRC costitutive law in uniaxial tension. In: di Prisco et al (eds) Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Proceedings of 6th RILEM symposium (BEFIB 04), PRO 39. RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneaux, France, pp 827–836
Colombo M (2006) FRC bending behaviour: a damage model for high temperatures. PhD thesis, Department of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, StarryLink, Brescia, Italy
Minelli F, Plizzari G, Vecchio FJ (2007) Influence of steel fibers on full-scale RC beams under shear loading. In: High performance concrete, brick-masonry and environmental aspects. Sixth international conference of fracture mechanics of concrete and concrete structures FRAMCOS6. Taylor & Francis Group (UK), London/Catania, 3, pp 1523–1531
Acknowledgements
A special acknowledgement goes to Prof. Joost Walraven for the fruitful discussions and to Prof. Falkner who shared its large design experience. The Authors are also grateful to all the members of fib Task Groups TG 8.3 and TG 8.6 for the constructive discussions during the several meetings where many ideas presented in this paper took a definitive shape.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
di Prisco, M., Plizzari, G. & Vandewalle, L. Fibre reinforced concrete: new design perspectives. Mater Struct 42, 1261–1281 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9529-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9529-4