Skip to main content
Log in

Pomegranate leaf extract-based carbon dots for the selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol

  • MRS 50th Anniversary Research Letter
  • Published:
MRS Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Green synthesis of highly soluble and photostable carbon dots (CDs) through hydrothermal treatment of highly carbonaceous pomegranate leaf extract has been demonstrated. Since the oxygen-containing functional groups of CDs can interact with nitro groups of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), the PL intensity of the as-prepared CDs was significantly quenched in the presence of 2,4,6-TNP; this phenomenon was ascribed to the formation of a ground state complex caused by the inner filter effect mechanism. The developed sensing platform displayed a linear curve with a detection limit of 0.0620 μM and regression coefficient of 0.99616 for different concentrations of 2,4,6-TNP ranging from 0 to 120.0 μM.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. D.K. Singha, S. Bhattacharya, P. Majee et al., Optical detection of submicromolar levels of nitro explosives by a submicron sized metal-organic phosphor material. J. Mater. Chem. A (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05014b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Chatterjee, P. Nath, S. Kadian et al., Highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine with boron and sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots. Sci. Rep. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13016-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Kadian, G. Manik, A highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid using fluorescent sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots. Luminescence (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.3782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S.S. Nagarkar, A. Desai, v., Samanta P, Ghosh SK, Aqueous phase selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol using a fluorescent metal-organic framework with a pendant recognition site. Dalton Trans. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00397k

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.S. Nagarkar, A. Desai, v., Ghosh SK, Engineering metal-organic frameworks for aqueous phase 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) sensing. CrystEngComm (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ce00244g

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. V.D. Dao, P. Kim, S. Baek et al., Facile synthesis of carbon dot-Au nanoraspberries and their application as high-performance counter electrodes in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. Carbon NY (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. N.M. Hoang, N.T.B. Ngoc, L.T.P. Thao et al., Experimental synthesis of dual-emission carbon dots: The role of reaction temperature. Inorg. Chem. Commun. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. N.A. Tran, N.T. Hien, N.M. Hoang et al., Carbon dots in environmental treatment and protection applications. Desalination 548, 116285 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Kadian, B.D. Arya, S. Kumar et al., Synthesis and application of PHT-TiO2 nanohybrid for amperometric glucose detection in human saliva sample. Electroanalysis (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201800207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Kalkal, R. Pradhan, S. Kadian et al., Biofunctionalized graphene quantum dots based fluorescent biosensor toward efficient detection of small cell lung cancer. ACS Appl. Bio. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Kadian, S.K. Sethi, G. Manik, Recent advancements in synthesis and property control of graphene quantum dots for biomedical and optoelectronic applications. Mater. Chem. Front. 5, 627–628 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Kalkal, S. Kadian, R. Pradhan et al., Recent advances in graphene quantum dot-based optical and electrochemical (bio)analytical sensors. Mater. Adv. 2, 5513–5541 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00251A

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Kadian, G. Manik, Sulfur doped graphene quantum dots as a potential sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of quercetin. Food Chem. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Kadian, N. Chaulagain, N.N. Joshi et al., Probe sonication-assisted rapid synthesis of highly fluorescent sulfur quantum dots. Nanotechnology 34, 30LT01 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acd00a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Kadian, G. Manik, N. Das, P. Roy, Targeted bioimaging and sensing of folate receptor-positive cancer cells using folic acid-conjugated sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots. Microchim. Acta (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04448-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Barati, M. Shamsipur, H. Abdollahi, Hemoglobin detection using carbon dots as a fluorescence probe. Biosens. Bioelectron. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Sachdev, P. Gopinath, Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots from coriander leaves and their potential application as antioxidants, sensors and bioimaging agents. Analyst (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5an00454c

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Huang, Y. Xu, C.J. Tang et al., Facile and green synthesis of photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles for cellular imaging. New J. Chem. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nj01185b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Mewada, S. Pandey, S. Shinde et al., Green synthesis of biocompatible carbon dots using aqueous extract of Trapa bispinosa peel. Mater. Sci. Eng. C (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Kadian, G. Manik, A. Kalkal et al., Effect of sulfur doping on fluorescence and quantum yield of graphene quantum dots: an experimental and theoretical investigation. Nanotechnology (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab3566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Kumar, J. Kumar, S. Kadian et al., Tunable ionic conductivity and photoluminescence in quasi-2D CH3NH3PbBr 3 thin films incorporating sulphur doped graphene quantum dots. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 22733–22742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP03621A

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Kadian, G. Manik, N. Das et al., Synthesis, characterization and investigation of synergistic antibacterial activity and cell viability of silver-sulfur doped graphene quantum dot (Ag@S-GQDs) nanocomposites. J. Mater. Chem. B (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02823d

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. U. Heredia-Rivera, V. Kasi, A. Krishnakumar et al., Cold atmospheric plasma-assisted direct deposition of polypyrrole-Ag nanocomposites for flexible electronic sensors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 17078–17090 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c20798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S.A. Machekposhti, S. Kadian, L. Vanderwal et al., Novel hollow biodegradable microneedle for amphotericin B delivery. MedComm (Beijing) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Kalkal, S. Kadian, S. Kumar et al., Ti3C2-MXene decorated with nanostructured silver as a dual-energy acceptor for the fluorometric neuron specific enolase detection. Biosens. Bioelectron. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. N. Chaulagain, K.M. Alam, S. Kadian et al., Synergistic enhancement of the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 nanorod arrays through embedded plasmon and surface carbon nitride co-sensitization. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 24309–24320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c02649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Kadian, N.K. Tailor, N. Chaulagain et al., Effect of sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots incorporation on morphological, optical and electron transport properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films. J. Mater. Sci. 32, 17406–17417 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06272-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Krishnakumar, S. Kadian, U. Heredia Rivera et al., Organ-on-a-chip platform with an integrated screen-printed electrode array for real-time monitoring trans-epithelial barrier and bubble formation. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Krishnakumar, R.K. Mishra, S. Kadian et al., Printed graphene-based electrochemical sensor with integrated paper microfluidics for rapid lidocaine detection in blood. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1229, 340332 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACA.2022.340332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Z. Li, S. Kadian, R.K. Mishra et al., Electrochemical detection of cholesterol in human biofluid using microneedle sensor. J. Mater. Chem. B (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TB02142K

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors thankfully acknowledge the staff of the Institute Instrumentation Centre, IIT Roorkee for providing access to advanced characterization facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roger J. Narayan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 16 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kadian, S., Kalkal, A., Jain, V. et al. Pomegranate leaf extract-based carbon dots for the selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. MRS Communications 13, 885–891 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-023-00430-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43579-023-00430-6

Navigation