Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green synthesis of gelatin-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite biomaterial using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract for enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, anticholinergic, and wound healing activities

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Non-healing wounds are a serious complication of bacterial infections, and finding effective treatments is crucial. The novelty of the current study is the synthesis and characterization of gelatin-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite using an extract from Coleus amboinicus leaves. Investigations presented that the Ge/Mg(OH)2NCs exhibited higher swelling ratios and increased drug release capacities. Moreover, the Ge/Mg(OH)2NCs demonstrated good antioxidant activity and anticholinergic activity, highlighting their potential therapeutic benefits. Remarkably, the Ge/Mg(OH)2NCs displayed the strong antibacterial activities. In terms of wound healing, the Ge/Mg(OH)2NCs showed promising results on healing excision wounds in Wistar rats up to 98.43 ± 1.89%. These findings suggest that Ge/Mg(OH)2NCs exhibit excellent properties and have great potential for versatile biomedical applications, particularly in the treatment of non-healing wounds.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data will be made available upon reasonable request.

References

  1. T. Sahu, Y.K. Ratre, S. Chauhan, L.V.K.S. Bhaskar, M.P. Nair, H.K. Verma, Nanotechnology based drug delivery system: current strategies and emerging therapeutic potential for medical science. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 63, 102487 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Nejati, M. Dadashpour, T. Gharibi, H. Mellatyar, A. Akbarzadeh, Biomedical applications of functionalized gold nanoparticles: a review. J. Clust. Sci. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-020-01955-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Eivazzadeh-Keihan, F. Ahmadpour, H.A.M. Aliabadi, F. Radinekiyan, A. Maleki, H. Madanchi, M. Mahdavi, A.E. Shalan, S. Lanceros-Mendez, Pectin-cellulose hydrogel, silk fibroin and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles hybrid nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol.. 192, 7–15 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Qu, J. Li, W. Zhu, Y. Xu, S. Zhou, Y. Yang, X. Qian, Hybrid nanocomposite multinetwork hydrogel containing magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial activity for wound dressing applications. Polymer 251, 124902 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. T.M. Bedair, Y. Heo, J. Ryu, H.M. Bedair, W. Park, D.K. Han, Biocompatible and functional inorganic magnesium ceramic particles for biomedical applications. Biomat. Sci. 9, 1903–1923 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A.Q. Malik, T.U.G. Mir, D. Kumar, D.I.A. Mir, A. Rashid, M. Ayoub, S.A. Shukla, A review on the green synthesis of nanoparticles, their biological applications, and photocatalytic efficiency against environmental toxins. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27437-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M.M. Alves, C. Batista, D. Mil-Homens, L. Grenho, M.H. Fernandes, C.F. Santos, Enhanced antibacterial activity of Rosehip extract-functionalized Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles: an in vitro and in vivo study. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 217, 112643 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. S.E.D. Hassan, A. Fouda, E. Saied, M.M. Farag, A.M. Eid, M.G. Barghoth, M.A. Awad, M.F. Hamza, M.F. Awad, Rhizopus Oryzae-mediated green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs): a promising tool for antimicrobial, mosquitocidal action, and tanning effluent treatment. J. Fungi 7, 372 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  9. N. John Sushma, D. Prathyusha, G. Swathi, T. Madhavi, B. Deva Prasad Raju, K. Mallikarjuna, H.S. Kim, Facile approach to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles by using Clitoria ternatea characterization and in vitro antioxidant studies. Appl. Nanosci. 6, 437–444 (2016)

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. E.R. Essien, V.N. Atasie, A.O. Okeafor, D.O. Nwude, Biogenic synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Manihot esculenta (Crantz) leaf extract. Int. Nano Lett. 10, 43–48 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.A. Ammulu, K. Vinay Viswanath, A.K. Giduturi, P.K. Vemuri, S. Mangamuri, Poda, Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium rox. Heart wood extract and its biomedical applications. J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 19, 1–18 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  12. S. Ślusarczyk, A. Cieślak, Y.R. Yanza, M. Szumacher-Strabel, Z. Varadyova, M. Stafiniak, D. Wojnicz, A. Matkowski, Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of Coleus amboinicus Lour. Cultivated Indonesia Poland. Molecules 26, 2915 (2021)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Mallikarjuna, L.V. Reddy, S. Al-Rasheed, A. Mohammed, S. Gedi, W.K. Kim, Green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-supported palladium nanoparticles by Coleus amboinicus and its enhanced catalytic efficiency and antibacterial activity. Crystals 11, 134 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Andreazza, A. Morales, S. Pieniz, J. Labidi, Gelatin-based hydrogels: potential biomaterials for remediation. Polymers 15, 1026 (2023)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Divyashri, R.V. Badhe, B. Sadanandan, V. Vijayalakshmi, M. Kumari, P. Ashrit, D. Bijukumar, M.T. Mathew, K. Shetty, A.V. Raghu, Applications of hydrogel-based delivery systems in wound care and treatment: an up-to-date review. Polym. Adv. Technol. 33, 2025–2043 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Liang, J. He, B. Guo, Functional hydrogels as wound dressing to enhance wound healing. ACS Nano 15, 12687–12722 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. A.R. Osi, H. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Zhou, R. Wang, JFu.P. Muller-Buschbaum, Q. Zhong, Three-dimensional-printable thermo/photo-cross-linked methacrylated chitosan–gelatin hydrogel composites for tissue engineering. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 13, 22902–22913 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Z. Andreazza, E.N. Abdollahi, F.N. Zare, I. Salimi, F.R. Goudarzi, P. Makvandi, Bioactive carboxymethyl starch-based hydrogels decorated with CuO nanoparticles: antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and accelerated wound healing in vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 2531 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. Koneru, K. Dharmalingam, R. Anandalakshmi, Cellulose based nanocomposite hydrogel films consisting of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grapefruit seed extract nanoparticles for potential wound healing applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 148, 833–842 (2020)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. N.D. Asen, R.E. Aluko, Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of antioxidant peptides obtained from enzymatic pea protein hydrolysates and their ultrafiltration peptide fractions. J. Food Biochem. 46, 14289 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Aktaş, D.B. Celepci, R. Kaya, P. Taslimi, Y. Gök, M. Aygün, I. Gulcin, Novel morpholine liganded Pd-based N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, antidiabetic and anticholinergic properties. Polyhedron 159, 345–354 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Johnston, M. McBride, D. Dahiya, R. Owusu-Apenten, P.S. Nigam, Antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and its components: an overview. AIMS Microbiol. 4(4), 655 (2018)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. S.R. Veloso, R.G. Andrade, E.M. Castanheira, Review on the advancements of magnetic gels: towards multifunctional magnetic liposome-hydrogel composites for biomedical applications. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 288, 102351 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Manimegalai, K. Selvam, S. Loganathan, D. Kirubakaran, M.S. Shivakumar, M. Govindasamy, A. Bahajjaj, Green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Hardwickia binata: their characterizations and biological applications. Biomass Convers. Biorefin (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04279-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. K.C. Cakmak, I. Gulcin, Anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of usnic acid-an activity-structure insight. Toxicol. Rep. 6, 1273–1280 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. Kirubakaran, K. Selvam, P. Prakash, P. Manimegalai, M.S. Shivakumar, S. Senthil Nathan, Preparation and characterization of biogenic silver nanoparticles using Strobilanthes cordifolia (Vahl) JRI Wood leaves and its biological applications. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 70(2), 870–884 (2023)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. S.B. Chaney, K. Ganesh, S. Mathew-Steiner, P. Stromberg, S. Roy, C.K. Sen, D.J. Wozniak, Histopathological comparisons of S taphylococcus aureus and P seudomonas aeruginosa experimental infected porcine burn wounds. Wound Repair and Rege. 25(3), 541–549 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  28. N. Thakur, J. Ghosh, S.K. Pandey, A. Pabbathi, J. Das, A comprehensive review on biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, and their antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant activities as well as toxicity study. Inorg. Chem. Commun. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. G. Sharma, R. Soni, N.D. Jasuja, Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with Swertia chirayaita. J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 11(3), 471–477 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Fouda, S.E.D. Hassan, E. Saied, M.F. Hamza, Photocatalytic degradation of real textile and tannery effluent using biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), heavy metal adsorption, phytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9(4), 105346 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.A. Shah, M. Sohail, S. Khan, M.U. Minhas, M. De Matas, V. Sikstone, Z. Hussain, M. Abbasi, M. Kousar, Biopolymer-based biomaterials for accelerated diabetic wound healing: A critical review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 139, 975–993 (2019)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Murugan, M. Rajkumar, N. Kanipandian, R. Thangaraj, K. Vimala, S. Kannan, Nanoformulated CPMSN biomaterial regulates proinflammatory cytokines to heal wounds and kills drug-resistant bacteria. Current Sci. 118(10), 1583 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Zhao, J. Huang, Y. Li, X. Lv, H. Zhou, H. Wang, Y. Xu, C. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Liu, ROS-scavenging hydrogel to promote healing of bacteria infected diabetic wounds. Biomater. 258, 120286 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Abdollahi, E.N. Zare, F. Salimi, I. Goudarzi, F.R. Tay, P. Makvandi, Bioactive carboxymethyl starch-based hydrogels decorated with CuO nanoparticles: antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and accelerated wound healing in vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(5), 2531 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Gupta, P. Prasad, A. Roy, M.M. Alam, I. Ahmed, A. Bit, Metallic ion-based graphene oxide functionalized silk fibroin-based dressing promotes wound healing via improved bactericidal outcomes and faster re-epithelization. Biomed. Mater. 17(3), 035010 (2022)

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Saravanakumar, A. Sathiyaseelan, X. Zhang, M. Choi, M.H. Wang, Bimetallic (Ag and MgO) nanoparticles, Aloe vera extracts loaded xanthan gum nanocomposite for enhanced antibacterial and in-vitro wound healing activity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 242, 124813 (2023)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. P.J. Muire, M.A. Thompson, R.J. Christy, S. Natesan, Advances in immunomodulation and immune engineering approaches to improve healing of extremity wounds. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23(8), 4074 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. K. Aamir, H.U. Khan, C.F. Hossain, M.R. Afrin, I. Shaik, N. Salleh, N. Giribabu, A. Arya, Oral toxicity of arjunolic acid on hematological, biochemical and histopathological investigations in female Sprague Dawley rats. PeerJ 7, 8045 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  39. M.Y. Lv, D. Cai, C.H. Li, J. Chen, G. Li, C. Hu, B. Gai, J. Lei, P. Lan, X. Wu, X. He, Senescence-based colorectal cancer subtyping reveals distinct molecular characteristics and therapeutic strategies. MedComm 4(4), 333 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  40. J.K. Patra, G. Das, L.L. Fraceto, E.V.R. Campos, M.D.P. Rodriguez-Torres, L.S. Acosta-Torres, L.A. Diaz-Torres, R. Grillo, M.K. Swamy, S. Sharma, S. Habtemariam, Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J. Nanobiotech. 16(1), 1–33 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  41. M.U.A. Khan, S.I.A. Razaq, H. Mehboob, S. Rehman, W.S. Al-Arjan, R. Amin, Antibacterial and hemocompatible pH-responsive hydrogel for skin wound healing application: in vitro drug release. Polymers 13, 3703 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. R. Ahmed, M. Tariq, I. Ali, R. Asghar, P.N. Khanam, R. Augustine, A. Hasan, Novel electrospun chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/zinc oxide nanofibrous mats with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 120, 385–393 (2018)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. B. Gorain, M. Pandey, N.H. Leng, C.W. Yan, K.W. Nie, S.J. Kaur, V. Marshall, S.P. Sisinthy, J. Panneerselvam, N. Molugulu, P. Kesharwani, Advanced drug delivery systems containing herbal components for wound healing. Int. J. Pharm. 617, 121617 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. T. Li, M. Sun, S. Wu, State-of-the-art review of electrospun gelatin-based nanofiber dressings for wound healing applications. Nanomater. 12(5), 784 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  45. H. Liu, C. Wang, C. Li, Y. Qin, Z. Wang, F. Yang, Z. Li, J. Wang, A functional chitosan-based hydrogel as a wound dressing and drug delivery system in the treatment of wound healing. RSC Adv. 8(14), 7533–7549 (2018)

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Rajkumar, K. Vimala, D.D. Tamiliniyan, R. Thangaraj, R. Jaganathan, P. Kumaradhas, S. Kannan, Gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite attenuates neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease induced rats. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 222, 2122–2143 (2022)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Kirubakaran, K. Selvam, P. Prakash, M.S. Shivakumar, M. Rajkumar, In-vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinergic activity of Iron/Copper nanoparticles synthesized using Strobilanthes cordifolia leaf extract. OpenNano 14, 100188 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. Rajkumar, S. Navaneethakrishnan, S. Muthukumar, R. Thangaraj, M. Sivanandam, K. Vimala, S. Kannan, Gelatin/polyethylene glycol-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite to attenuate acetylcholinesterase, neurotoxicity, and activation of GPR55 protein in rat models of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Chem. Neuro. 133, 102337 (2023)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. T. Vajen, B.J. Benedikter, A.C. Heinzmann, E.M. Vasina, Y. Henskens, M. Parsons, P.B. Maguire, F.R. Stassen, J.W. Heemskerk, L.J. Schurgers, R.R. Koenen, Platelet extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype. J. Extracell. Vesicles. 6(1), 1322454 (2017)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported and received from the University Research Fellow (URF) from Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India (PU/AD-3/ URF/ 013805/ 2019).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India

    Manickam Rajkumar, Karuppaiya Vimala & Soundarapandian Kannan

  2. Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India

    Dharmalingam Kirubakaran & Kuppusamy Selvam

  3. Department of Environmental Science, School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India

    Nadarajan Prathap

  4. Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India

    Ramasundaram Thangaraj

Authors
  1. Manickam Rajkumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dharmalingam Kirubakaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kuppusamy Selvam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nadarajan Prathap
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ramasundaram Thangaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Karuppaiya Vimala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Soundarapandian Kannan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization: MR, DK, and NP; Methodology, formal analysis, and investigation: MR, KV, and KS; Writing-original draft preparation and data correction: SK, RT; MR and KV; Writing-review, software analysis, and editing, and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soundarapandian Kannan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOC 88 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rajkumar, M., Kirubakaran, D., Selvam, K. et al. Green synthesis of gelatin-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite biomaterial using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract for enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, anticholinergic, and wound healing activities. Journal of Materials Research 39, 548–564 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-01249-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-01249-6

Search

Navigation