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High densification of BaZrS3 powder inspired by the cold-sintering process

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Abstract

We report on the sintering of powders of the chalcogenide perovskite BaZrS3 at low and intermediate temperatures. BaZrS3 is the most widely studied chalcogenide perovskite semiconductor. Most experimental results to-date have been made using loose powder and cold-pressed pellets (i.e. green bodies). Straightforward sintering methods to achieve dense ceramics are challenging because BaZrS3 decomposes and oxidizes in air above 550 °C. Here, we take inspiration from the cold-sintering process to develop a low-to-intermediate densification process for chalcogenide perovskites. Typical additives for cold sintering of oxides do not accelerate BaZrS3 sintering. At higher temperature, iodine is remarkably successful as an additive to accelerate densification. We achieve density up to 92% for sintering at 450 °C and 425 MPa. Our sintering process does not cause significant oxidation. Thermogravimetric measurements reveal the formation of an intergranular phase. Impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal that the bulk dielectric properties are unaffected by ball milling and subsequent sintering.

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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 1751736, "CAREER: Fundamentals of Complex Chalcogenide Electronic Materials.” A portion of this project was funded by the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology as part of the MIT-Skoltech Next Generation Program. This work was carried out in part through the use of the MIT Materials Research Laboratory (MIT MRL), MIT.nano, and the MIT Department of Materials Science shared experimental facilities.

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Stephen Filippone, Samuel Song & R. Jaramillo

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  1. Stephen Filippone
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Correspondence to R. Jaramillo.

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Filippone, S., Song, S. & Jaramillo, R. High densification of BaZrS3 powder inspired by the cold-sintering process. Journal of Materials Research 36, 4404–4412 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00404-1

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