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Anti-caries nanostructured dental adhesive reduces biofilm pathogenicity and raises biofilm pH to protect tooth structures

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Abstract

The objectives were to: (1) develop a new nanostructured dental adhesive with antibiofilm and remineralization properties using dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2); (2) investigate the effects on dentin bond strength and Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and methacryloyloxy ethyl phthalate formed the adhesive. Biofilm colony-forming units (CFU), metabolic activities, biomass, and acid-production were measured. Adding nCaF2 and DMAHDM into adhesive did not compromise the dentin bond strength (p > 0.1). The nCaF2 + DMAHDM-containing adhesive decreased biofilm CFU by 4 logs, with tenfold reduction in acid-production, compared to control (p < 0.05). The nCaF2 + DMAHDM-containing adhesive successfully shifted the acidic and cariogenic biofilm pH 4 to a safe pH of 7. In conclusion, a novel bioactive adhesive mitigated the cariogenic potential of S. mutans biofilm and raised biofilm pH to a safe level to protect tooth structures, without compromising dentin bond strength.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Deepak Menon for his help and discussion. We would like to acknowledge the technical support of the Core Imaging Facility of the University of Maryland Baltimore.

Funding

This work was supported by the University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridging fund (HX), and University of Maryland Baltimore seed grant (HX).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Ghalia Bhadila

  2. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Ghalia Bhadila, Quan Dai, Charles Zhang, Thomas W. Oates, Michael D. Weir & Hockin H. K. Xu

  3. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Ghalia Bhadila

  4. Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, Shaanxi, China

    Quan Dai

  5. Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Mary Ann S. Melo

  6. Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Hockin H. K. Xu

  7. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Hockin H. K. Xu

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  1. Ghalia Bhadila
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Bhadila, G., Dai, Q., Melo, M.A.S. et al. Anti-caries nanostructured dental adhesive reduces biofilm pathogenicity and raises biofilm pH to protect tooth structures. Journal of Materials Research 36, 533–546 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-020-00014-3

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