Abstract
A 5 kW continuous wave fiber laser welding system was used to deposit INCONEL® alloy 718 (IN718) on service-exposed IN718 parent metal (PM) substrates using filler wire addition. The microstructure of the deposits was characterized in the fully heat treated condition. The service-exposed IN718 PM and the direct laser deposited (DLD) specimens were then evaluated through room temperature tensile testing. The yield and tensile strengths were well above the minimum values, as defined in the aerospace specifications AMS 5596K and 5663M. However, the ductility at room temperature of the DLD and DLD-PM samples was slightly lower than that specified in AMS 5596K and 5663M. The tensile fracture surfaces of the service-exposed IN718 PM, DLD, and DLD-PM specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the tensile failure mechanisms are discussed in detail, particularly for the important roles of the secondary particles (MC carbides) and intermetallics (platelet Ni3Nb-δ and Laves phases).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Qi, M. Azer, and A. Ritter: Studies of standard heat treatment effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser net shape manufactured Inconel 718. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40A, 2010 (2009).
G.K.L. Ng, G.J. Bi, and H.Y. Zheng: An investigation on porosity in laser metal deposition. The International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO) 2008 Proceedings, Paper #105, Temecula, California, October 2008; p. 23.
J.N. Dupont, J.C. Lippold, and S.D. Kiser: Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-base Alloys (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009).
J. Andersson and G.P. Sjoberg: Repair welding of wrought superalloys: Alloy 718, Allvac 718plus and Waspaloy. Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining 17, 49 (2012).
B. Baufeld: Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 parts manufactured by shaped metal deposition (SMD). J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 21, 1416 (2011).
N.I.S. Nussein, J. Segal, D.G. McCartney, and I.R. Pashby: Microstructure formation in Waspaloy multilayer builds following direct metal deposition with laser and wire. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 497, 260 (2008).
J.C. Ion: Laser Processing of Engineering Materials; Principles, Procedure and Industrial Application (Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 2005).
X. Zhao, J. Chen, X. Lin, and W. Huang: Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel 718. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 478, 119 (2008).
P.L. Blackwell: The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of laser-deposited IN718. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 170, 240 (2005).
G.D.J. Ram, A.V. Reddy, K.P. Rao, G.M. Reddy, and J.K.S. Sundar: Microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 pulsed Nd-YAG laser welds. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 167, 73 (2005).
X. Cao, B. Rivaux, M. Jahazi, J. Cuddy, and A. Birur: Effect of pre- and post-weld heat treatment on metallurgical and tensile properties of Inconel 718 alloy butt joints welded using 4 kW Nd:YAG laser. J. Mater. Sci. 44, 4557 (2009).
J.K. Hong, J.H. Park, N.K. Park, I.S. Eom, M.B. Kim, and C.Y. Kang: Microstructures and mechanical properties of IN718 welds by CO2 laser welding. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 201, 515 (2008).
G.X. Yang, Y.F. Xu, L. Jiang, and S.H. Liang: High temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast nickel-base K445 superalloy. Prog. Nat. Sci. 21, 418–425 (2011).
M.J. Donachie and S.J. Donachie: Superalloys: A Technical Guide (ASM international, The Materials Information Society, Materials Park, OH, 2002).
E.A. Loria: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Metallurgy and Applications of Superalloy 718, Pittsburgh, PA, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2005, p. 135.
G.A. Rao, M. Kumar, M. Srinivas, and D.S. Sarma: Effect of standard heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot isostatically pressed superalloy Inconel 718. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 335, 114 (2003).
S. Biswas, G.M. Reddy, T. Mohandas, and C.V.S. Murthy: Residual stresses in Inconel 718 electron beam welds. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 6813 (2004).
H.C. Chen, A. Pinkerton, and L. Li: Fibre laser welding of dissimilar alloys of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 for aerospace applications. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 52, 977 (2011).
Y.N. Zhang, X. Cao, P. Wanjara, and M. Medraj: Oxide films in laser additive manufactured Inconel 718. Acta Mater. 61, 6562 (2013).
Y.N. Zhang, X. Cao, and P. Wanjara: Fiber laser deposition of Inconel 718 using filler wire. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 69, 2569 (2013).
J.W. Hooijmans, J.C. Lippold, and W. Lin: Effect of multiple postweld heat treatment on the weldability of alloy 718. Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Various Derivatives, edited by E.A. Loria. TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997.
G.D.J. Ram, A.V. Reddy, K.P. Rao, and G.M. Reddy: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 electron beam welds. Mater. Sci. Technol. 21, 1132 (2005).
J.F. Radavich: The physical metallurgy of cast and wrought alloy 718. Conference Proceedings on Superalloy 718–Metallurgy and Applications, edited by E.A. Loria. TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1989; p. 229.
F.J. Xu, Y.H. Lv, Y.X. Liu, F.Y. Shu, P. He, and B.S. Xu: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy during pulsed plasma arc deposition process. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29, 480 (2013).
Y.N. Zhang, X. Cao, P. Wanjara, and M. Medraj: Fatigue properties of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718 using powder feed. (2014, in preparation).
X. Cao and J. Campbell: The nucleation of Fe-rich phases on oxide films in Al-11.5Si-0.4Mg cast alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34A, 1409 (2003).
X. Cao and J. Campbell: Solidification characteristics of Fe-rich phases in cast Al-11.5Si-0.4Mg alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 35, 1425 (2004).
K. Liu, X. Cao, and X-G. Chen: Formation and phase selection of iron-rich intermetallics in Al-4.6Cu-0.3Mg-0.5Fe cast alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 682 (2013).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to X. Pelletier and E. Poirier for the preparation of the laser deposited IN718 coupons and their technical support for metallographic preparation. The following statement pertains only to authors X. Cao, Y.-N. Zhang and P. Wanjara: Published with permission of the Crown in Right of Canada, i.e., the Government of Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, YN., Cao, X., Wanjara, P. et al. Tensile properties of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718 using filler wire. Journal of Materials Research 29, 2006–2020 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.199
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.199