Abstract
In this research, we performed experimental investigations of the influence of copper presence on hardness of arsenic triselenide (As2Se3)–arsenic triiodide (AsI3) pseudobinary glasses. The samples belong to the group of chalcogenide glasses, that, when compared with oxide glasses, can be synthesized much more easily in a wide variety of compositions, allowing also fine-tuning of their properties. Here, presence of iodine (I) facilitates glass formation, whereas addition of copper (Cu) creates possibility for interesting optoelectronic properties. As it is important to study mechanical properties of materials with respect to their fabrication and manipulation, we report results of instrumented indentation testing (IIT) of bulk samples of Cux[(As2Se3)0.9(AsI3)0.1]100−x with x = 5, 10, 20, and 25 at.% of Cu. This technique enables fast determination of indentation hardness, hardness value according to Vickers and indentation modulus directly from the indentation load–displacement curves. It was shown that all these parameters increase linearly with the increase of copper content. Improvement of the mechanical properties justifies the addition of Cu into the glass matrix.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
N.F. Mott and E.A. Davis: Electronic Processes in Noncrystalline Materials, 2nd ed. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1979).
M.A. Popescu: Noncrystalline Chalcogenides (Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002).
J.T. Krause, C.R Kurkjian, D.A. Pinnow, and E.S. Sigety: Low acoustic loss chalcogenide glasses–a new category of materials for acoustic and acousto optic applications. Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 367 (1970).
I. Manika and J. Teteris: Photoinduced changes of mechanical properties in amorphous arsenic chalcogenide films. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 90, 505 (1987).
D.M. Petrović, S.R. Lukić, M.I. Avramov, and V.V. Khiminets: Synthesis and the absorption spectra of Ge-As-S-Se-I system glass. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 5, 290 (1986).
S. Charnovych, G. Erdélyi, S. Kokenyesi, and A. Csik: Effect of pressure on photoinduced expansion of As0.2Se0.8 layer. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357, 2349 (2011).
S.R. Lukić, D.M. Petrović, I. Turyantisa, and O.V. Khiminets: Characteristics of optical recording on thin films of quaternary glasses Cu-As-Se-I. J. Mater. Sci. 26, 5517 (1991).
J.S. Sanghera, C.M. Florea, L.B. Shaw, P. Purées, V.Q. Nguyen, M. Bashkansky, Z. Dutton, and I.D. Aggarwal: Nonlinear properties of chalcogenide glasses and fibers. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354, 462 (2008).
S.R. Lukić, F. Skuban, D.M. Petrović, and L. Šiđanin: Effect of copper on density and microhardness of amorphous AsSeyIz. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 19, 139 (2000).
S.R. Lukić, D.M. Petrović, F. Skuban, L. Šiđanin, and I.O. Gúth: The morphologies of fractured surfaces and fracture toughness in some As-Se-Sb-S-I glasses. Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 7917 (2006).
D. Štrbac: Characterization of metal-chalcogenides films from Cu-AsSeyIz system. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad, 2011.
A. Feltz: Amorphous and Glassy Inorganic Solids (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1983) [in German].
M. Frumar, B. Frumarova, and T. Wagner: Amorphous and glassy semiconducting chalcogenides. In Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology, P. Bhattacharya, R. Fornari, and H. Kamimura, eds. (Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2011); pp. 206–261.
V.S. Vassilev and S.V. Boycheva: Chemical sensors with chalcogenide glassy membranes. Talanta 67, 20 (2005).
J-L. Adam: Lanthanides in nonoxide glasses. Chem. Rev. 102, 2461 (2002).
W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).
W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 (2004).
N.A. Sakharova, J.V. Fernandes, J.M. Antunes, and M.C. Oliveira: Comparison between Berkovich, Vickers and conical indentation tests: A three-dimensional numerical simulation study. Int. J. Solids Struct. 46, 1095 (2009).
M. Cabibbo, P. Ricci, R. Cecchini, Z. Rymuza, J. Sullivan, S. Dub, and S. Cohen: An international round-robin calibration protocol for nanoindentation measurements. Micron 43, 215 (2012).
C. Ullner, J. Beckmann, and R. Morrell: Instrumented indentation test for advanced technical ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22, 1183 (2002).
ISO/DIN 14583: Instrumented Indentation Test for Hardness and Other Materials Parameter (2000).
J. Gong and Y. Li: An energy-balance analysis for the size effect in low-load hardness testing. J. Mater. Sci. 35, 209 (2000).
K. Sangwal, B. Surowska, and P. Blaziak: Analysis of the indentation size effect in the microhardness measurement of some cobalt-based alloys. Mater. Chem. Phys. 77, 511 (2002).
Z. Peng, J. Gong, and H. Miao: On the description of indentation size effect in hardness testing for ceramics: Analysis of the nanoindentation data. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 2193 (2004).
T. Kavetskyy, J. Borc, and K. Sangwal: Study of indentation microhardness of bismuth-doped As2Se3 glasses. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. Rapid Commun. 5, 755 (2011).
J.B. Quinn, V.Q. Nguyen, J.S. Sanghera, I.K. Lloyd, P.C. Pureza, R.E. Miklos, and I.D. Aggarwal: Strength and fractographic analysis of chalcogenide As-S-Se and Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 325, 150 (2003).
S.R. Lukić, D.M. Petrović, I.O. Gut, and M.I. Avramov: Complex noncrystalline chalcogenides: Technology of preparation and spectral characteristics. J. Res. Phys. 30, 111 (2006).
S.R. Lukić and D.M. Petrović: Thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction investigation of the copper (I) selenoarsenate (Cu3AsSe4). J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 1, 43 (1999).
S.R. Lukić, D.M. Petrović, A.F. Petrović, and Ž.N. Popović: A study of the structural units in some amorphous semiconductors of the Cu-As-Se-I system by x-ray analysis. Mater. Sci. Forum 321–324, 525 (2000).
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed.; R.D. Weast ed.; CRC Press, Cleveland 1974–1975; p. F–207.
S.R. Lukić and D.M. Petrović: Complex Amorphous Chalcogenides (University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad, 2002), p. 72 [in Serbian].
E.L. Bourhis, P. Gadaud, J-P. Guin, N. Tournerie, X.H. Zhang, J. Lucas, and T. Rouxel: Temperature dependence of the mechanical behavior of a GeAsSe glass. Scr. Mater. 45, 317 (2001).
J-P. Guin, T. Rouxel, V. Keryvin, J-C. Sangleboeuf, I. Serre, and J. Lucas: Indentation creep of Ge-Se chalcogenide glasses below Tg: Elastic recovery and non-Newtonian flow. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 298, 260 (2002).
J-P. Guin, T. Rouxel, J-C. Sangleboeuf, I. Melscoët, and J. Lucas: Hardness, toughness, and scratchability of germanium-selenium chalcogenide glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85, 1545 (2002).
H. Li and R.C. Brad: The microhardness indentation load/size effect in rutile and cassiterite single crystals. J. Mater. Sci. 28, 917 (1993).
J.B. Quinn and G.D. Quinn: Indentation brittleness of ceramics: A fresh approach. J. Mater. Sci. 32, 4331 (1997).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia within the Project No. 171022.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lukić-Petrović, S.R., Đačanin, L.R., Kisić, R.V. et al. Instrumented indentation testing of arsenic triselenide–arsenic triiodide pseudobinary glasses with copper. Journal of Materials Research 27, 2867–2871 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.330
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.330