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Diffusion characteristics study of locally Er-doped noncongruent, Li-deficient Ti:Er:LiNb03 strip waveguide

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Abstract

Locally Er3+-doped noncongruent, Li-deficient Ti:Er:LiNbO3 strip waveguide was fabricated with a technological process in sequence of preparation of Li-deficient LiNbO3 substrate using Li-poor vapor transport equilibration (VTE), Er3+, and Ti4+ diffusion in wet O2. The Li2O content change was evaluated from the measured birefringence. The Ti4+ and Er3+ profile characteristics in the waveguide were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results show that the VTE and subsequent Er3+ diffusion procedures resulted in totally ~0.8 mol% Li2O content reduction. The Ti4+ profile follows a sum of two error functions in the width direction and a Gaussian function in the depth direction of waveguide. The Er3+ profile follows also a Gaussian function. At 1130 °C, the Ti4+ surface/depth diffusivity and surface concentration are 8.5 ± 1.3/1.98 ± 0.06 μm2/h and ~7 mol%, respectively, and the Er3+ diffusivity and surface concentration are (12.8 ± 0.3) x 10−2 μm2/h and ~0.6 mol%, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China

    De-Long Zhang, Bei Chen, Ping-Rang Hua & Dao-Yin Yu

  2. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Tianjin University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China

    De-Long Zhang, Bei Chen, Ping-Rang Hua, Dao-Yin Yu & Edwin Y. B. Pun

  3. Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

    De-Long Zhang, Bei Chen, Ping-Rang Hua & Dao-Yin Yu

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  1. De-Long Zhang
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  4. Dao-Yin Yu
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  5. Edwin Y. B. Pun
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Zhang, DL., Chen, B., Hua, PR. et al. Diffusion characteristics study of locally Er-doped noncongruent, Li-deficient Ti:Er:LiNb03 strip waveguide. Journal of Materials Research 26, 2924–2930 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2011.389

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