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Chemical Synthesis of Fine Powders

  • Fine Particles Part II
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Conclusion

This article emphasizes the role of chemistry in the control of the formation of precursors to nucleation. Complexation appears to be one clue for the synthesis of fine powders. It provides a chemical reservoir for metal ions and allows some control of hydrolysis and condensation reactions. For inorganic precursors we have shown that sulfate anions appear to have a very versatile behavior as they may form either soluble monomeric (Ti) or oligomeric (Zr) complexes with tetravalent elements, polymeric complexes with trivalent elements (Cr), and insoluble basic salts with divalent elements. In all cases the unique role of sulfates may be attributed to their intermediate electronegativities, which are not too high to allow ionocovalent bonding, but also not too low to resist chemical attack by water. Because organic precursors are much less electronegative than inorganic ones, complexation may be achieved by nucleophilic and protic neutial molecules such as organic acids and acetylacetone. These additives change the molecular structure of the precursors, reduce their functionality, and thus orient nucleation and growth processes toward reticulated chains or polymers. Fine particle synthesis could then be optimized by making chemistry even if it is not yet possible to link chemistry and morphology.

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Authors
  1. J. Livage
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  2. M. Henry
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  3. J. P. Jolivet
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  4. C. Sanchez
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Livage, J., Henry, M., Jolivet, J.P. et al. Chemical Synthesis of Fine Powders. MRS Bulletin 15, 18–25 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400060693

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