Abstract
Electroceramic materials offer an extensive array of sensing and actuating functions that can be incorporated into designs for smart materials. While sophisticated sensing systems have already reached some high-volume applications (including the automotive one) it is expected that the field of smart materials will grow rapidly as additional industrial and consumer markets are tapped. In this paper, a review of ceramic sensor and actuator types was presented. Future developments in this area are expected to include increased use of multilayer and multifunctional ceramics, complex device designs based on biological analogs, emphasis on nonlinear materials with tunable properties, and integration of the active ceramic elements with control circuitry.
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Trolier-McKinstry, S., Newnham, R.E. Sensors, Actuators, and Smart Materials. MRS Bulletin 18, 27–33 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400037325
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400037325