Abstract
HfO2–SiO2 and La2O3–SiO2 amorphous alloys were prepared, and their crystallization behavior was studied. The results suggest that higher permittivities can be achieved in the La-containing system without devitrification. The crystallization mechanisms between systems are distinctly different, yet observations are consistent with bulk material. Hf-containing materials tend toward phase separation, while La-containing materials tend toward silicate formation. For Hf-containing films, negligible thickness or time dependence was observed. In La-containing films, rapid thermal anneals could improve crystallization resistance, and thickness effects related to interface reactions were observed. These behaviors are discussed in the context of phase diagrams and metastable immiscibility.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.I. Association, The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (Sematech, Austin, TX, 2000).
M. Copel, E. Cartier, and F.M. Ross, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1607 (2001).
T.M. Klein, D. Niu, W.S. Epling, W. Li, D.M. Maher, C.C. Hobbs, R.I. Hedge, I. J.R. Baumvol, and G.N. Parsons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 4001 (1999).
G. Lucovsky and J.C. Phillips, Appl. Surf. Sci. 166, 497 (2000).
H. Ono and T. Katsumata, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1832 (2001).
W-J. Qi, R. Nieh, E. Dharmarajan, B.H. Lee, Y. Jeon, L. Kang, K. Onishi, and J.C. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1704 (2000).
G.D. Wilk, R.M. Wallace, and J.M. Anthony, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 484 (2000).
G.D. Wilk, in Advanced Gate Oxide Dielectrics for Scaled CMOS (Santa Barbara, CA, 1999).
J.J. Chambers and G.N. Parsons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2385 (2000).
S. Guha, E. Cartier, M.A. Gribelyuk, N.A. Bojarczuk, and M.C. Copel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2710 (2000).
D.A. Neumayer and E. Cartier, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 1801 (2001).
B.A. Inc., http://www.bruker-axs.com/production/indexie.htm (2001).
G. Lucovsky and G.B. Rainer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2912 (2000).
P. Becher and M.V. Swain, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 493 (1992).
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists HfO2 P-T diagram (The American Ceramic Society, Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 3, Fig. 4256.
H.M. Ondik and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Zirconium and Zirconia Systems, P-T diagram of ZrO2 (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. X, Figs. Zr-001, Zr-042, Zr-043, Zr-046.
Y.S. Touloukian, Thermophysical Properties of Matter, The TPRC Data Series, Vol. 13 (IFI/Plenum, New York).
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists ZrO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 2, Fig. 2400.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists HfO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 3, Fig. 4443.
C.E. Curtis and H.G. Sowman, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 36, 190 (1953).
H.B. Barlett, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 14, 837 (1931).
S.P. Murkherjee, J. Zarzycki, and J.P. Traverse, J. Mater. Sci. 11, 341 (1976).
M. Decottignies, J. Phalippou, and J. Zarzycki, J. Mater. Sci. 13, 2605 (1978).
S.P. Murkherjee and J. Zarzycki, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62, 1 (1979).
H.J. Stevens, in Introduction to Glass Science, edited by L.D. Pye, H.J. Stevens, and W.C. LaCourse (Plenum Press, New York, 1972), Vol. 1, pp. 197–235.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, H.F. McMurdie, R.S. Roth, T. Negas, and L.P. Cook, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists Al2O3-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vols. 1, 4, 5, Figs. 313, 590, 6443, 6444.
W.D. Kingery, H.K. Bowen, and D.R. Uhlman, Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd ed. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976).
R. McPherson and B.V. Schafer, J. Mater. Sci. 19, 2696 (1984).
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists UO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 2, Fig. 2399.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists UO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 1, Fig. 360.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists ThO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 2, Fig. 2397.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists ZrO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 1, Figs. 361 and 362.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists ThO2-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 1, Fig. 359.
E.M. Levine, C.R. Robbins, and H.F. McMurdie, Phase Diagrams for Ceramists La2O3-SiO2 system (Am. Ceram. Soc., Columbus, OH, 1985), Vol. 2, Fig. 2372.
W-J. Qi, R. Nieh, B.H. Lee, K. Onishi, L. Kang, Y. Jeon, J.C. Lee, V. Kaushik, B-Y. Neuyen, L. Prabhu, K. Eisenbeiser, and J. Finder, Digest of Tech. Papers, IEDM Symp. VLSI Technol. 40 (2000).
J.C. Lee, W. Qi, B.H. Lee, L. Kang, K. Onishi, Y. Jeon, and E. Dharmarjan, Results presented at the MRS Workshop on High-K Gate Dielectrics, New Orleans, LA, June 1–2 (2000).
J-P. Maria, D. Wicaksana, A.I. Kingon, B. Busch, W.H. Schulte, E. Garfunkel, and T. Gustafsson, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 3476 (2001).
S. Stemmer (2000, unpublished).
F.P. Glasser, I. Warshaw, and R. Roy, Phys. Chem. Glasses 1(2), 39 (1960).
C.A. Billman, P.H. Tan, K.J. Hubbard, and D.G. Schlom, Submitted to Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Ultrathin SiO2 and High-K Materials for ULSI Gate Dielectrics (1999).
J-P. Maria and D. Wicaksana, in These results correspond to measurements taken on (HfO2)1-x-(SiO2)x metal-insulator-metal structures. Films were fabricated in identical fashion as those for crystallization measurements with the exception that a Pt bottom electrode was used to facilitate accurate dielectric analysis. (2001).
S. Roberts, J.G. Ryan, and D.W. Martin, Emerging Semiconductor Technology (ASTM STP 960, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1986).
R.D. Shannon, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 348 (1993).
S.M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1981).
T. Mahalingham, M. Radhakrishnan, and C. Balasubramanian, Thin Solid Films 78, 229 (1981).
J-P. Maria and D. Wicaksana, in These results correspond to measurements taken on (La2O3)1-x-(SiO2)x metal-insulatorsemiconductor structures. Films were fabricated in identical fashion as those for crystallization measurements with the exception that highly doped Si wafers were used to facilitate accurate dielectric analysis. (2001).
D.I. Chernobrovkin, V.S. Ten -Gushev, and V.V. Bakhtinov, Radio Eng. Electron. Phys. 17, 334 (1972).
Powder Diffraction File: Inorganic Phases, Card #40-234 (La2SiO5), Vol. 40 (Swarthmore, PA, 1999).
Powder Diffraction File: Inorganic Phases, Card #8-342 (HfO2)(tet), Vol. 8 (Swarthmore, PA, 1999).
Powder Diffraction File: Inorganic Phases, Card #34-104 (HfO2)(mon), Vol. 34 (Swarthmore, PA, 1999).
Powder Diffraction File: Inorganic Phases, Card #5-602 (La2O3), Vol. 5 (Swarthmore, PA, 1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maria, J.P., Wickaksana, D., Parrette, J. et al. Crystallization in SiO2–metal Oxide Alloys. Journal of Materials Research 17, 15 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2002.0234
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2002.0234