Skip to main content
Log in

Errors associated with depth-sensing microindentation tests

  • Articles
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the determination of mechanical properties by ultra-microindentation, various errors can appear. This paper analyzes various sources of errors in estimation of elastic modulus and hardness. These errors arise from uncertainties of the indenter geometry and properties, as well as measuring instrument limitations and errors, such as the minimum detectable load, compliance, and noise of the system. Other sources of errors are thermal drift, shape of the impression, and scatter of properties of the tested material. Characteristic features and the magnitude of individual kinds of errors are discussed, together with formulas and recommended methods for their reduction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.F. Doemer and W.D. Nix, J. Mater. Res. 1, 601-609 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. W.D. Nix, Metall. Trans. 20A, 2217-2245 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. L. Loubet, J.M. Georges, and G. Meille, in Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, edited by P. Blau and B. R. Lawn (ASTM STP 889, Philadelphia, PA, 1986), pp. 72-89.

    Google Scholar 

  4. W. C. Oliver, R. Hutchings and J.B. Pethica, in Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, edited by P. Blau and B. R. Lawn (ASTM STP 889, Philadelphia, PA, 1986), pp. 90-108.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, edited by P. Blau and B. R. Lawn (ASTM STP 889, Philadelphia, PA, 1986).

  6. G.M. Pharr and W.C. Oliver, MRS Bull. XVIII, 28-33 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Bell, A. Bendeli, J. S. Field, M.V. Swain, and E.G. Thwaite, Metrologia 28, 463-469 (1991/92).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Bell, J. S. Field, and M.V. Swain, Thin Solid Films 220, 289-294 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. V. Swain and J. Menčík, in Proc. Int. UACEM Symposium, edited by J. Pryputniewicz (Worcester Polytechnical Institute, Worcester, MA, 1993), pp. 444-454.

  10. R.B. King, Int. J. Solids Structures 23, 1657-1664 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A.K. Bhattacharya and W.D. Nix, Int. J. Solid Structures 24, 1287-1298 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Gao, C. Chiu, and J. Lee, Int. J. Solid Structures 29, 2471-2492 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. B.D. Fabes, W.C. Oliver, R.A. McKee, and F.J. Walker, J. Mater. Res. 7, 3056-3064 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. V. Swain and E. R. Weppelmann, in Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties IV, edited by P. H. Townsend, T. P. Weihs, J. E. Sanchez, Jr., and P. B0rgesen (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 308, Pittsburgh, PA, 1993), pp. 177-182.

  15. W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564-1583 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ch. Ullner, Phys. Status Solidi A 129, 167-180 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. P.M. Sargent, in Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, edited by P. Blau and B. R. Lawn (ASTM STP 889, Philadelphia, PA, 1986), pp. 160-174.

  18. P.J. Burnett and D.S. Rickerby, Thin Solid Films 148, 41-50 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Farges and D. Degout, Thin Solid Films 181, 365-374 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Window, J. S. Field, and T. Bell, Report STFT 88/10 CSIRO, Div. Appl. Phys., Sydney (1988).

  21. J.S. Field and M.V. Swain, J. Mater. Res. 8, 297-306 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. J. Bell, J. S. Field, and M. V. Swain, in Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties III, edited by W. D. Nix, J. C. Bravman, E. Arzt, and L. B. Freund (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 239, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992), pp. 331-336.

  23. E. R. Weppelmann, J. S. Field, and M. V. Swain, J. Mater. Res. 8, 830-840 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. K. L. Johnson, Contact Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. D.L. Joslin and W.C. Oliver, J. Mater. Res. 5, 123-126 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H.J. Weiss, Phys. Status Solidi A 99, 491-501 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M.M. Chaudhri and M. Winter, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 21, 370-374 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Stone, W. R. LaFontaine, P. Alexopoulos, T. W. Wu, and C-Y. Li, J. Mater. Res. 3, 141-147 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. T.A. Laursen and J.C. Simo, J. Mater. Res. 7, 618-626 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. T. Madsen, R. J. Govinazzo, J. E. Ritter and T. J. Lardner, in Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties III, edited by W. D. Nix, J. C. Bravman, E. Arzt, and L. B. Freund (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 239, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992), pp. 431-436.

  31. H. Tokura, B. Window, D. Neely, and M.V. Swain, Thin Solid Films 253, 344-348 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. M. Pharr, W. C. Oliver, and D. R. Clarke, Scripta Metall. 23, 1949-1952 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. G.M. Pharr, W.C. Oliver, and D. S. Harding, J. Mater. Res. 6, 1129-1130 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. F. Freund, Elementary Modern Statistics, 6th Ed. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Menčík, J., Swain, M.V. Errors associated with depth-sensing microindentation tests. Journal of Materials Research 10, 1491–1501 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1995.1491

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1995.1491

Navigation