Abstract
Iron-chromium-phosphorus (Fe–Cr–P) alloys were prepared by electrodeposition from an acidic citrate electrolyte using sodium hypophosphite as the source of phosphorus. These alloys form a passive oxide layer when exposed to air and are useful as protective coatings on steel. The current efficiency of the plating process reaches a maximum of 20% at a current density of 100 mA/cm2 where the alloy has 10% Cr and 19% P. X-ray diffraction patterns and TEM analysis show that the alloy is amorphous. TEM results also indicate that small oxide particles (5–20 nm) are dispersed in the amorphous structure. Besides Fe, Cr, and P, the alloys contain a low level of oxygen (4–7%) in the form of mixed iron and chromium oxides, as confirmed by AES analysis. When heated, the amorphous structure transforms into a mixture of Fe3P and Cr3P, along with α–Fe–Cr grains. This phase transformation occurs in the temperature range of 450–460 °C for alloys with 19% P.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Duwez, R. H. Willens, and W. Klement, J. Appl. Phys. 31, 1136 (1960).
H. S. Chen, H. L. Leamy, and C. E. Miller, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 10, 363 (1980).
R. B. Diegle, Technology Transfer, 548 (1981).
P. Duwez, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1, 218 (1983).
D. Turnbull, Metall. Trans. B 12B, 217 (1981).
P. Chaudhari, B. C. Giessen, and D. Turnbull, Scientific American 242, 98 (1980).
W. L. Johnson, Progr. Mater. Sci. 30, 81 (1986).
D. Turnbull and D. E. Polk, J. Non-Crystalline Solids 8–10, 19 (1972).
M. Naka, K. Hashimoto, A. Inove, and T. Masumoto, J. Non-Crystalline Solids 31, 347 (1979).
M. Naka, K. Hashimoto, and T. Masumoto, ibid., 31, 355 (1979).
K. Hashimoto, K. Osada, T. Masumoto, and S. Shimodaira, Corr. Sci. 16, 71 (1976).
K. Asami, M. Naka, K. Hashimoto, and T. Masumoto, J. Electrochem. Soc. 127, 2130 (1980).
L. Q. Feng and M. X. Shen, 8th Int. Cong, on Metallic Corrosion, V. I, 1121 (1981).
H. Furuya, N. Hasegawa, T. Watanabe, and Y. Tanaba, Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Rapidly Quenched Metals (1981), V. I, edited by T. Masumoto and K. Suzuki, The Japan Institute of Metals, 93, 1982.
W. O. Freitag, J. S. Mathias, and G. DiGuilio, J. Electrochem. Soc. 111, 35 (1964).
M. C. Blakeslee, J. D. Olsen, and L. T. Romankiw, U. S. Patent 4,440,609, Apr. 3, 1984.
L. D. McCormick, N. S. Wheeler, C. R. Molock, and C. L. Chien, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131, 530 (1984).
R. Wang and M. D. Merz, Corrosion 40, 272 (1984).
N. L. Lee and R. Schulz, J. Mater. Res. 3 (5), 862 (1988).
R. L. Chance and M. S. Walker (private communication).
W. A. Grant, A. Ali, L. T. Chadderton, P. J. Grundy, and E. Johnson, Rapidly Quenched Metals II, edited by B. Cantor, 1, 63 (1978).
V. Ashworth, D. Baxter, W. A. Grant, and R. P. M. Proctor, Corr. Sci. 16, 775 (1976).
T. R. Anthony and H. E. Cline, J. Appl. Phys. 49, 1248 (1978).
P. K. Ng and R. F. Paluch, “Electrodeposition of Iron-Chromium-Phosphorus Amorphous Alloys,” Extended Abstracts 85-2, p. 328, The Electrochemical Society Meeting at Las Vegas, NV, Oct. 13–18, 1985.
T. D. Yensen, Trans. Am. Inst. Elect. Eng. 43, 145 (1924).
K. Mukasa and M. Maeda, Phys. Stat. Sol. 57A, K93 (1980).
U. Pittermann and S. Ripper, Phys. Stat. Sol. 93A, 131 (1986).
”Powder Diffraction File,” International Center for Diffraction data, 1986.
R. Vogel and G. W. Kasten, Arch. Eisenhüttenw. 12, 387 (1939).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ng, P.K., Mitchell, T.E., Locci, I.E. et al. Structure of amorphous Fe–Cr–P alloys prepared by electrodeposition. Journal of Materials Research 4, 300–308 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1989.0300
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1989.0300