Abstract
Wheat seed-borne diseases are among the major constraints reducing crop yield and the quality of seed and grain. In this study we aimed to evaluate the type and prevalence of fungal seed-borne diseases in Tajik wheat seed samples. Particular emphasis was given to common bunt resistance in advanced wheat breeding materials. Furthermore, we aimed to identify options for improving the seed quality. Seed samples collected from two different locations in Tajikistan were tested by conventional seed-health testing methods for presence of seed-borne diseases. Nineteen advanced wheat breeding lines and three varieties collected from the Tajik wheat breeding program were screened using an artificial inoculation test for their response to common bunt. Significant differences were found between the locations and genotypes concerning presence of common bunt and black point. Fourteen fungal species, where most of them are pathogenic for wheat, were identified in the seed samples. Tilletia laevis, T. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Stemphylium spp., and Drechslera spp. were the major pathogenic fungi observed in collected wheat samples. Common bunt was predominantly represented by T. laevis. No strong resistance was found in the studied Tajik wheat material, although a low percentage of infection was found in one line (SHARK/ F4105W2.1), while the material was evaluated for common bunt resistance. In managing seed-borne diseases, breeding of resistant varieties should be given a priority, while cultural practices such as preventing contamination and monitoring seed health status should also be considered, as a last resort the use of chemical seed treatments are advised.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to Sida funded Project “Support to Seed Sector Development in Tajikistan” for financial support and ICARDA for providing facilities for the laboratory analyses. All staff of the Seed Health Laboratory of ICARDA, Aleppo is also acknowledged for help during the analyses. We are also grateful to the wheat breeders of the Tajik national wheat-breeding program. We would like to thank Dr. Anders Borgen (Agrologica, Denmark) for providing seed of the resistant check (Stava) and for all his advice during the greenhouse experiment. Professor Inger Åhman of SLU is acknowledged for advice during work in Alnarp. Maria Luisa Prieto-Linde is acknowledged for taking care of the plants in the greenhouse. We would like to thank Dr. Alexey Morgounov and colleagues at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Eskishehir, for help with the common bunt test in Turkey. Our sincere gratitude goes to Dr. William Newson for English editing. Authors also would like to acknowledge anonymous reviewers for their comments in improving the manuscript.
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Husenov, B., Asaad, S., Muminjanov, H. et al. Evaluation and Managing Wheat Seed-borne Diseases: Options and Suggestions from the Case of Tajikistan. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 45, 124–138 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1556/0806.44.2016.045
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/0806.44.2016.045