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Use of N,N’-diacetylchitobiose in decreasing toxic effects of indoor air pollution by preventing oxidative DNA damage

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Abstract

Indoor air pollution occurs due to hazardous pollutants, such as tobacco smoke, pesticides and carbon oxides, sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides arising from combustion of biomass fuels. Exposure to these pollutants results in respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections. Several of these infections are a result of inflammation and oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate the ability of N, N’-diacetylchitobiose in preventing oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to biomass smoke extracts and cigarette smoke extract. The cytotoxic effect of these pollutants was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, where cytotoxicity in decreasing order was cigarette > wood > sawdust > cowdung. Cytotoxicity could be due to single- and double-strand breaks in the DNA as a result of oxidative stress. Comet assay measures the extent of DNA damage in the cells exposed to toxic agents. When mononuclear cells were treated with N, N’-diacetylchitobiose and later exposed to smoke extracts, the extent of DNA damage decreased by 44.5% and 57.5% as compared to untreated cells. The protection offered by N, N’-diacetylchitobiose towards oxidative DNA damage was at par with quercetin, a popular herbal medicine. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was determined in mononuclear cells exposed to smoke extracts, where oxidative stress in cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract was maximum. The present study demonstrates for the first time the ability of N, N’-diacetylchitobiose to alleviate the harmful effects of indoor air pollutants.

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Abbreviations

BSEs:

biomass smoke extracts

COPD:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COS:

N-acetylated chitooligosaccharides

CSE:

cigarette smoke extract

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

(GlcNAc)2:

N, N’-diacetylchitobiose

GST:

glutathione-S-transferase

IAP:

indoor air pollution

LPG:

liquefied petroleum gas

OS:

oxidative stress

PBMCs:

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PBS:

phosphate buffered saline

ppm:

parts per million

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SCGE:

single cell gel electrophoresis

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, Government of India, through the research grant (Grant No. SR/S0/HS/0022/2011). NS is thankful to DST for Junior Research Fellowship. This study was partly funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), Sweden, under the grant number AKT-2012-005. The authors are also thankful to Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, for the necessary infrastructure and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India

    Neeta A. Salgaonkar, Prasad M. Thakare, Manisha V. Junnarkar & Neelu N. Nawani

  2. Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India

    Balasaheb P. Kapadnis

  3. System Biology Research Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Skövde, SE-54128, Skövde, Sweden

    Abul Mandal

  4. School of Biomedicine, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden

    Cecilia Eriksson

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  1. Neeta A. Salgaonkar
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  2. Prasad M. Thakare
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  3. Manisha V. Junnarkar
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  4. Balasaheb P. Kapadnis
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  5. Abul Mandal
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  6. Cecilia Eriksson
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  7. Neelu N. Nawani
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Correspondence to Neelu N. Nawani.

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Salgaonkar, N.A., Thakare, P.M., Junnarkar, M.V. et al. Use of N,N’-diacetylchitobiose in decreasing toxic effects of indoor air pollution by preventing oxidative DNA damage. Biologia 71, 508–515 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0075

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