Abstract
The determination of four volatile halocarbons (CHCl3, CCl4, C2HCl3 and C2Cl4) in water by headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME) with gas chromatography using a micro electron capture detector (GC-μECD) is described. The effects of the type and volume of the extraction solvent, headspace volume, stirring rate, extraction temperature and time and ionic strength on the extraction performance are investigated and optimized. The developed protocol yields a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 0.05 to 50 µg L−1 for the target analytes; the detection limits ranged from 0.003 to 0.146 µg L−1 and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values below 8.45%. The results demonstrate that HS-LPME followed with GC-μECD is a simple and reliable technique for the determination of volatile halocarbons in water samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Golfinopoulos SK, Lekkas TD, Nikolaou AD (2001) Chemosphere 45:275–284
Rodriguez MJ, erodes JBŚ (2001) Water Res 35:1572–1586
Nicholson BC, Bursill DB (1985) J Chromatogr A 325:221–230
Kuivinen J, Johnsson H (1999) Water Res 33:1201–1208
Wang J, Chen W (2001) J Chromatogr A 927:143–154
Mangani G, Berloni A, Maione M (2003) J Chromatogr A 988:167–175
Helena P, Lucija ZK (1999) Trends Anal Chem 18:272–282
Liu H, Dasgupta PK (1996) Anal Chem 68:1817–1821
Jeannot MA, Cantwell FF (1996) Anal Chem 68:2236–2240
Jeannot MA, Cantwell FF (1997) Anal Chem 69:2935–2940
Tankeviciute A, Kazlauskas R, Vckackaite V (2001) Analyst 126:1674–1677
Psillakis E, Kalogerakis N (2001) J Chromatogr A 938:113–120
Wang Y, Kwok YC, HeY, Lee HK (1998) Anal Chem 70:4610–4614
Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Rasmussen KE (1999) Anal Chem 71:2650–2656
Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Rasmussen KE (2002) J Sep. Sci 25:141–146
Zhao L, Zhu L, Lee HK (2002) J Chromatogr A 963:239–248
Zhao L, Lee HK (2002) Anal. Chem. 74:2486–2492
Psillakis E, Kalogerakis N (2003) J Chromatogr A 999:145–153
Jager LSD, Andrews ARJ (2000) Analyst 125:1943–1948
Zhu L, Lee HK, Zhao L (2002) J Chromatogr A 963:335–343
Shen G, Lee HK (2002) Anal Chem 74:648–654
Hou L, Shen G, Lee HK (2003) J Chromatogr A 985:107–116
Przyjazny A, Austin JF, Essenmacher AT (2000) in: Proceedings of the 6th Polish Conference on Analytical Chemistry. Gliwice, Poland, pp. 135–136
Theis AL, Waldack AJ, Hansen SM, Jeannot MA (2001) Anal Chem 73:5651–5658
Tankeviciute A, Kazlauskas R, Vickackaite V (2001) Analyst 126:1674–1653
Przyjazny A, Kokosa JM (2002) J Chromatogr A 977:143–153
Zhao RS, Lao W J, Xu XB (2004) Talanta 62:751–756
Penalver A, Pocurull E, Borrull F, Marce RM (2000) J Chromatogr A 872:191–201
Sarrion MN, Santos FJ, Galceran MT (2002) J Chromatogr A 947:155–165
Psillakis E, Kalogerakis N (2001) J Chromatogr A 907:211–219
Zhao RS, Chu S, Xu XB (2004) Anal Sci 20:663–666
Dietz EA, Singley KF (1979) Anal Chem 51:1809–1814
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, T., Chen, X., Li, Y. et al. Application of Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction to the Analysis of Volatile Halocarbons in Water. Chroma 63, 633–637 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0823-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0823-9