Abstract
Nordstrandite from Lages represents the first occurrence of this mineral in an oxisoil that does not involve the influence of a calcareous substrate. This is also the first reported occurrence in Brazil. Nordstrandite occurs near the city of Lages only in the weathered bedrock facies, mostly where the circulation of meteoric water is restricted. There is also a close association between nordstrandite and the weathering of modified pseudoleucite structures. The interaction of meteoric water and feldspathic alkaline country rock with uncommon texture and mineralogy (rich in nepheline, sodalite, nosean, analcime and natrolite) promotes the development of solutions enriched in alkaline ions with basic pH, necessary to form nordstrandite. A detailed study by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy in natural or chemically leached samples was performed to identify the Al(OH)3 polymorphs of gibbsite and nordstrandite.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bárdossy, G.Y. (1983) A comparison of the main lateritic bauxite regions of our globe. Pp. 15–51 in: Proceedings of the 11th International Seminar on Lateritisation Processes (A.J. Melfi and A. Carvalho, editors). Universidade de Sâo Paulo, 1982, Sâo Paulo, Brazil.
Barnhisel, R.I. and Rich, C.I. (1965) Gibbsite, bayerite, and nordstrandite formation as affected by anions, pH and mineral surfaces. Soil Science Society American Proceedings, 29, 531–534.
Berry, L.G. (1974) Selected Powder Diffraction Data for Minerals. Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, 1601 Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081.
Chao, G.Y. and Baker, J. (1982) Nordstrandite from Mont St-Hilaire, Quebec. Canadian Mineralogist, 20, 77–85.
Chao, G.Y., Baker, J., Sabina, A.P. and Roberts, A.C. (1985) Doyleite, a new polymorph of Al(OH)3, and its relationship to bayerite, gibbsite and nordstrandite. Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 21–28.
Davis, C.E. and Hill, V.G. (1973) Occurrence of nordstrandite and its possible significance in Jamaica bauxites. Travaux de la Commission Internationale pour l’Étude de Bauxites, Oxydes, Hydroxydes Alumineux, 11, 61–70.
Delvigne, J., Soubies, E. and Sardela, I. (1987) Micromorphologie des altérations supergènes de la lujaurite du massif alcalin de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gérais, Brésil. Micromorphologie des Sols, 1, 97–103.
Elderfield, H. and Hem, J.D. (1973) The development of crystalline structure in aluminum hydroxide polymorphs on ageing. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 89–96.
Edgar, A.D. (1987) The genesis of alkaline magmas with emphasis on their source regions: inferences from experimental studies. Pp. 29–52 in: Alkaline Igneous Rocks (J.G. Fitton and B.G.J. Upton, editors). Special Publication, 30. Geological Society, London.
Farmer, V.C. (1974) The Infrared Spectra of Minerals. Monograph 4. Mineralogical Society, London, 331 pp.
Goldberry, R. and Loughnan, E.C. (1970) Dawsonite and nordstrandite in the Permian Berry Formation of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales. American Mineralogist, 55, 477–490.
Hathaway, J.C. and Schlanger, S.O. (1962) Nordstrandite from Guam. Nature, 196, 265–266.
Hemingway, B.S. (1982) Gibbs free energies of formation for bayerite, nordstrandite, Al(OH)2+, and Al(OH)2+, aluminum mobility, and the formation of bauxites and latentes. Pp. 285–314 in: Advances in Physical Geochemistry Volume 2 (K.S. Saxena, editor). Springer-Verlag, New York.
Hsu, P.H. (1967) Effect of salts on the formation of bayerite versus pseudoboehmite. Soil Science, 103, 101–110.
Hsu, P.H. (1988) Mechanisms of gibbsite crystallization from partially neutralized aluminum chloride solutions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36, 25–30.
Jamet, R., Trichet, J., and Millot, G. (1991) Conditions d’apparition de la nordstrandite dans les sols de la Polynésie française. Comptes Rendus des Séances de L’Académie des Sciences de Paris, 312, série II, 1655–1660.
Kämpf, N. and Schwertmann, U. (1982) The 5-M-NaOH concentration treatment for iron oxides in soils. Clays and Clay Minerals, 30, 401–408.
Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, E.J. (1938) Manual of Sedimentary Petrography. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York, 549 pp.
Kulikova, G.V., Tsekhovol’skaya, D.I. and Shitov, V.A. (1974) First find of nordstrandite in the USSR. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 217, 190–193. [translation: Doklady Academy of Science of USSR, Earth Science Section, 217, 106–109 (1975)].
Le Maitre, R.W., Bateman, R., Dudek, A., Keller, J., Lameyre, J., Le Bas, M.J., Sabine, R.A., Schmid, R., Sörensen, H., Streikeisen, A., Woolley, A.R. and Zanettin, B. (1989) A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 193 pp.
Lee, D.H. and Condrate, R.A., Sr. (1995) An FTIR spectral investigation of the structural species found on alumina surfaces. Material Letters, 23, 241–246.
Marie, L. (1968) Nordstrandite and gibbsite in the terrarossa of Dinarides karst. Geoloski Vjesnik, 21, 281–291.
McHardy, W.J. and Thomson, A.R (1971) Conditions for the formation of bayerite and gibbsite. Mineralogical Magazine, 38, 358–368.
Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.L. (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Pp. 317–342 in: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals (Washington, D.C. 1958) (A. Seinefored, editor). Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York.
Milton, C., Dwornik, E.J. and Finkerman, R.B. (1975) Nordstrandite, Al(OH)3, from the Green River Formation in Rio Branco County, Colorado. American Mineralogist, 60, 285–291.
Naray-Szabó, I. and Péter, É. (1967) Nachweis von Nords-trandit und Bayerit in Ungarischen Ziegeltonen. Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 11, 375–377.
Norrish, K. and Taylor, R.M. (1961) The isomorphous replacement of iron by aluminium in soil goethites. Journal of Soil Science, 12, 294–306.
Palmieri, E., Violante, A. and Violante, P. (1985) Infrared spectra of nordstrandite. Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta, 29-A, 391–397.
Papee, D., Tertian, R. and Biais, R. (1958) Recherches sur la constituition des gels et des hydrates cristallins d’alumine. Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 81, 1301–1310.
Petersen, O.V., Johnsen, O., and Leonardsen, E.S. (1976) Nordstrandite from Narssârssuk, Greenland. The Mineralogical Record, 7, 78–82.
Righi, D. and Meunier, A. (1995) Origin of clays by rock weathering and soil formation. Pp. 43–157 in: Origin and Mineralogy of Clays. Clays and the Environment (B. Velde, editor). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Rodgers, K.A., Gregory, M.R. and Barton, R. (1991) Bayerite, nordstrandite, gibbsite, brucite, and pseudoboehmite in discharged caustic waste from Campbell Island, Southwest Pacific. Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 103–107.
Ryskin, Y.I. (1974) The vibration or protons in minerals; hy-droxyl, water and ammonium. Pp. 137–181 in: Infrared Spectra of Minerals (V. C. Farmer, editor). Monograph 4. Mineralogical Society, London.
Scheibe, L.F., Kawashita, K. and Gomes, C.B. (1985) Contribuiçâo à geocronologia do complexo alcalino de Lages, SC. Pp. 299–307 in: Simpòsio Sul Brasileìro de Geologia, Florianópolis, Brazil, SBG.
Schoen, R. and Roberson, C.E. (1970) Structures of aluminum hydroxides and geochemical implications. American Mineralogist, 55, 43–77.
Singer, A. and Huang, P.M. (1990) Effects of humic acid on the crystallization of aluminum hydroxides. Clays and Clay Minerals, 38, 47–52.
Tardy, Y. (1994) Programme interdisciplinaire de recherche de biogéodynamique intertropicale périatlantique—PIRAT. Sciences Géologiques, Mémoire, 96, 101 pp.
Tertian, R. (1966) Etude d’un échantillon de bauxite blanche recueilli à Vonji Do (Montenegro). Travaux Comité International pour l’Étude des Bauxites, Oxydes, et Hydroxides d’Aluminium, 3, 51–64.
Turner, S., Regelous, M., Kelley, S.P., Hawkesworth, C.J. and Mantovani, M. (1994) Magmatism and continental breakup in the South Atlantic: high precision Ar/Ar geochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 121, 333–348.
Van Nordstrand, R.A., Hettinger, W.P. and Keith, C.D. (1956) A new aluminum trihydrate. Nature, 177, 713–714.
Violante, A. and Huang, P.M. (1985) Influence of inorganic and organic ligands on the formation of aluminum hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. Clays and Clay Minerals, 33, 181–192.
Violante, A. and Jackson, M.L. (1981) Clay influence on the crystallization of aluminum hydroxide polymorphs in the presence of citrate, sulfate or chloride. Geoderma, 25, 199–214.
Violante, A. and Violante, P. (1980) Influence of pH, concentration and chelating power of organic anions on the synthesis of aluminum hydroxide and oxyhydroxides. Clays and Clay Minerals, 28, 425–434.
Violante, P., Violante, A. and Tait, J.M. (1982) Morphology of nordstrandite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 30, 431–437.
Wall, J.R.D., Wolfenden, E.B., Beard, E.H. and Deans, T. (1962) Nordstrandite in soil from West Sarawak, Borneo. Nature, 196, 264–265.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dani, N., Formoso, M.L.L., Decarreau, A. et al. Nordstrandite in Bauxite Derived from Phonolite, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Clays Clay Miner. 49, 216–226 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490304
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490304