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Past
The ongoing revolution in laparoscopic liver surgery has delivered scientific evidence of improved short-term outcomes and uncompromised long-term oncologic results for patients with resectable malignant liver disease, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cases.1 Technically demanding surgical steps, such as radical lymphadenectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection with biliary reconstruction, are mandatory in patients with perihilar CCA (pCCA). However, minimally invasive pCCA surgery remained the last garrison, currently intended to be stormed by a plethora of specialized hepatobiliary surgeons.2
Present
In the article by Sucher et al., we share our strategy of a total laparoscopic approach for pCCA type 3b resection. The hepaticojejunostomy, in our opinion the most challenging part of the procedure, which is still commonly performed through a larger service incision at the end of a minimally invasive liver resection, even by highly decorated hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgical teams, was furthermore intended to be performed using a minimally invasive approach. To accomplish our goal, we successfully applied a ‘parachute’ running suture technique for biliary-enteric reconstruction, which facilitated an improved view on both components of the anastomosis, the posterior wall of the hepatic duct, and the corresponding jejunal segment. Additionally, short biliary drains were placed, aiming to splint the anastomosis and hence prevent cholestasis in the early postoperative period. Using the laparoscopic approach for pCCA surgery, hepatobiliary surgeons are urged not to compromise on radical lymphadenectomy, which has recently been shown to be equally effective and accurate when compared with open surgery.3
Future
Every new technology that brings advantages also comes with inconveniences. In the case of laparoscopic pCCA surgery, a standardized procedure for intraoperative bile leakage testing is still in demand. Enhanced intraoperative visualization techniques such as near infrared indocyanine green staining methods4,5 and hyperspectral imaging6 might add substantial benefits to the identification of not only vascular structures but also biliary structures. In our opinion, these novel technologies might well be exploited for the specific detection of biliary leaks in future laparoscopic liver surgery.
References
Levi Sandri GB, Spoletini G, Masciana G, Colasanti M, Lepiane P, Vennarecci G, et al. The role of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(9):1617–1621.
Ratti F, Fiorentini G, Cipriani F, Catena M, Paganelli M, Aldrighetti L. Technical insights on laparoscopic left and right hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08647-8
Ratti F, Fiorentini G, Cipriani F, Paganelli M, Catena M, Aldrighetti L. Perioperative and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open lymphadenectomy for biliary tumors: a propensity-score-based, case-matched analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(2):564–575.
Sucher R, Rademacher S, Lederer A, Hau HM, Petersen TO, Seehofer D. Laparoscopic left hemihepatectoy applying intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence detection counter perfusion method for visualization [in German]. Zentralbl Chir. 2020;145(2):135–137.
Sucher R, Brunotte M, Seehofer D. Indocyanine green fluorescence staining in liver surgery [in German]. Chirurg. 2020;91(6):466–473.
Sucher R, Athanasios A, Kohler H, Wagner T, Brunotte M, Lederer A, et al. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) in anatomic left liver resection. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019;62:108–111.
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Robert Sucher and Daniel Seehofer declare they have no conflicts of interest.
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Sucher, R., Seehofer, D. ASO Author Reflections: Hepatobiliary Surgeons are Spurred to Implement Totally Minimally Invasive Techniques for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 28, 2035–2036 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-09188-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-09188-w