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HSPiP and QbD Program–Based Analytical Method Development and Validation to Quantify Ketoconazole in Dermatokinetic Study

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Abstract

Ketoconazole (KTZ) is the most potential azole anti-mycotic drug. The quantification of KTZ from various layers of the skin after topical application of lipidic nanocarriers is critical. We addressed a sensitive, specific, simple, rapid, reproducible, and economic analytical method to quantify KTZ from the treated skin homogenate using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP, HSPiP software)–based modeling and experimental design. The software provided various HSP values for KTZ and solvents to compose the mobile phase. The Taguchi model identified the significant sets of factors to develop a robust bioanalytical method with reduced variability. In the optimization, acetonitrile (ACN) concentration (X1 as A) and the pH of mobile phase (X2 as B) were two factors against two responses (Y1: peak area and Y2: retention time). The HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method validation was carried out based on US-FDA guidelines for the developed KTZ formulations (suspension, solid nanoparticles, and commercial product) extracted from the treated rat skin. The experimental solubility of KTZ was found to be maximum in the two solvents (ACN and ethyl acetate), based on HSP values. Surface response methodology (SRM) identified remarkable impact of ACN concentration and the mobile phase pH on the peak area and retention time. Analytical limits (0.17 and 0.50 µg/mL) were established for KTZ-SLNs (extracted from the skin). The method was implemented with high reproducibility, accuracy, and selectivity to quantify KTZ from the treated rat skin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, “Ministry of Education,” in Saudi Arabia, for funding this research (IFKSUOR3-129-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Afzal Hussain & Mohammad A. Altamimi

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India

    Mohhammad Ramzan

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, Irma Lerma College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Tahir Khuroo

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  1. Afzal Hussain
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  2. Mohhammad Ramzan
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  3. Mohammad A. Altamimi
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  4. Tahir Khuroo
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Contributions

AH: conceptualization, methodology, and drafting, MR: data curation, software, and analysis, MAA: visualization, review, and editing, TK: editing and validation. All authors reviewed and agreed to publish the article.

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Correspondence to Afzal Hussain or Mohhammad Ramzan.

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Hussain, A., Ramzan, M., Altamimi, M.A. et al. HSPiP and QbD Program–Based Analytical Method Development and Validation to Quantify Ketoconazole in Dermatokinetic Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 231 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02675-9

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