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siRNA-Based Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Effectiveness of Antivirals: An Insight

  • Review Article
  • Recent Advances on Drug Delivery Systems for Viral Infections
  • Published:
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Abstract

Since the ground-breaking discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), scientists have made significant progress in the field of small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments. Due to severe barriers to the therapeutic application of siRNA, nanoparticle technologies for siRNA delivery have been designed. For pathological circumstances such as viral infection, toxic RNA abnormalities, malignancies, and hereditary diseases, siRNAs are potential therapeutic agents. However, systemic administration of siRNAs in vivo remains a substantial issue due to a lack of “drug-likeness” (siRNA are relatively larger than drugs and have low hydrophobicity), physiological obstacles, and possible toxicities. This write-up covers important accomplishment in the field of clinical trials and patents specially based of siRNAs using targeting viruses. Furthermore, it offers deep insight of nanoparticle applied for siRNA delivery and strategies to improve the effectiveness of antivirals.

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Abbreviations

RNAi:

RNA interference

siRNA:

small-interfering RNA

ASO:

antisense oligonucleotides

dsRNA:

double-stranded RNA

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

CPP:

Cell penetrating peptide

pFPhe:

Parafluorophenylalanine

SFV:

Semliki Forest virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C Virus

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

rcDNA:

double-stranded stretched circular DNA

HBV:

Hepatitis B Virus

SNALP:

Stable nucleic acid-lipid particle

HIV:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IgM:

Immunoglobulin M

TLR-9:

toll-like receptor-9

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

miRNA:

microRNA

pre-miRNA:

premicroRNA

PIV:

para-influenza virus

MDCK:

Madin–Darby canine kidney

pSiNPs:

porous silicon nanoparticles

SLNs:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

NLCs:

Nanostructured lipid carrier

LDCs:

Lipid drug conjugates

CNE:

a cationic nanoemulsion

DOPE:

dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

PEI:

polyethyleneimine

EPM:

Exosome and polyethylenimine Matrix

MERS-CoV:

Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus

SARS-CoV-1:

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1

sLNPs:

stealth-based lipid nanoparticles

shRNAs:

short hairpin RNA

NP:

Nucleoprotein

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Rashtriya Uchchatar Sikshan Abhiyan (RUSA), Ministry of Education, Government of India, Rajasthan State Higher Education Council (RSHEC) and State Project Directorate (RUSA) for financial support to carry out research on “Design, development and characterization of oral nano-formulations for treatment of cancer” (F/RUSA/MLSU/2020/6379) to Dr. Garima Joshi as Principal Investigator, Dr. Deepak Choudhary as Co-PI and Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir as Junior Research Fellow (Grant no F30 [16]/SPD/RUSA/2016/178).

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  1. Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, 400056, India

    Krittika Chatterjee, Sagheerah Lakdawala & Sanjay Sharma

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India

    Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir, Garima Joshi & Deepak Choudhary

  3. School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India

    Dinesh Puri

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur (C.G.), 495009, India

    Dinesh Kumar Mishra

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  1. Krittika Chatterjee
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Conceptualization Dr. Deepak Choudhary: supervision Dr. Sanjay Sharma; writing original draft: Krittika Chatterjee and Sagheerah Lakdawala; writing revision: Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir; visualization and editing: Dr. Dinesh Kumar Mishra; extensive revision editing: Dr. Garima Joshi; data writing-review: Dinesh Puri.

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Chatterjee, K., Lakdawala, S., Quadir, S.S. et al. siRNA-Based Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Effectiveness of Antivirals: An Insight. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 170 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02629-1

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