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Naringenin-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Amalgamated Gel for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis

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Abstract

The current research was aimed to synthesize a phytomolecule, naringenin (NRG)-mediated silver nanoparticles (NRG-SNPs) to study their antifungal potential against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata). The NRG-SNPs were synthesized by using NRG as a reducing agent. The synthesis of NRG-SNPs was confirmed by a color change and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 425 nm. Furthermore, the NRG-SNPs were analyzed for size, PDI, and zeta potential, which were found to be 35 ± 0.21 nm, 0.19 ± 0.03, and 17.73 ± 0.92 mV, respectively. In silico results demonstrated that NRG had a strong affinity towards the sterol 14α-demethylase. The docking with ceramide revealed the skin permeation efficiency of the NRG-SNPs. Next, the NRG-SNPs were loaded into the topical dermal dosage form (NRG-SNPs-TDDF) by formulating a gel using Carbopol Ultrez 10 NF. The MIC50 of NRG solution and TSC-SNPs against C. albicans was found to be 50 µg/mL and 4.8 µg/mL, respectively, significantly (P < 0.05) higher than 0.3625 µg/mL of NRG-SNPs-TDDF. Correspondingly, MIC50 results were calculated against C. glabrata and the results of NRG, TSC-SNPs, NRG-SNPs-TDDF, and miconazole nitrate were found to be 50 µg/mL, 9.6 µg/mL, 0.3625 µg/mL, and 3-µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, MIC50 of NRG-SNPs-TDDF was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than MIC50 of miconazole nitrate against C. glabrata. The FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) value against both the C. albicans and C. glabrata was found to be 0.016 and 0.011, respectively, which indicated the synergistic antifungal activity of NRG-SNPs-TDDF. Thus, NRG-SNPs-TDDF warrants further in depth in vivo study under a set of stringent parameters for translating in to a clinically viable antifungal product.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are highly thankful to the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, New Delhi, for providing financial assistance in addition to the Department of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, for providing the anti-fungal study facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Chantibabu Katta, Vaskuri G. S. Sainaga Jyothi, Pankaj Kumar Singh & Jitender Madan

  2. Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Arbaz Sujat Shaikh & Venkata Rao Kaki

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Nagesh Bhale & Amol G. Dikundwar

  4. Department of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Renu Shukla & Krishnaveni Mishra

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  1. Chantibabu Katta
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Contributions

Chantibabu Katta: manuscript writing and experimentation; Arbaz Sujat Shaikh and Nagesh Bhale: experimentation; Vaskuri G.S Sainaga Jyothi, Venkata Rao Kaki, Amol G. Dikundwar, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Renu Shukla, and Krishnaveni Mishra: data interpretation; Jitender Madan: manuscript editing and supervision.

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Katta, C., Shaikh, A.S., Bhale, N. et al. Naringenin-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Amalgamated Gel for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 126 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02581-0

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