Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Recent Advances in the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review

  • Review Article
  • Novel Advances in 3-D Printing Technology in Drug Delivery
  • Published:
AAPS PharmSciTech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 10 March 2023

This article has been updated

Abstract

There has been a tremendous increase in the investigations of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, and drug delivery in particular, ever since the US FDA approved the first 3D printed medicine, SPRITAM® (levetiracetam) in 2015. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves various manufacturing techniques like fused-deposition modeling, 3D inkjet, stereolithography, direct powder extrusion, and selective laser sintering, among other 3D printing techniques, which are based on the digitally controlled layer-by-layer deposition of materials to form various geometries of printlets. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printing technologies provide the unique and important opportunity for the fabrication of personalized dosage forms, which is an important aspect in addressing diverse patient medical needs. There is however the need to speed up the use of 3D printing in the biopharmaceutical industry and clinical settings, and this can be made possible through the integration of modern technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things, into additive manufacturing. This will lead to less human involvement and expertise, independent, streamlined, and intelligent production of personalized medicines. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is another important additive manufacturing technique similar to 3D printing, but adds a 4th dimension defined as time, to the printing. This paper aims to give a detailed review of the applications and principles of operation of various 3D printing technologies in drug delivery, and the materials used in 3D printing, and highlight the challenges and opportunities of additive manufacturing, while introducing the concept of 4D printing and its pharmaceutical applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

References

  1. Rahim TNAT, Abdullah AM, MdAkil H. Recent developments in fused deposition modeling-based 3D printing of polymers and their composites. Polym Rev. 2019;59(4):589–624.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Doestzada M, et al. Pharmacomicrobiomics: a novel route towards personalized medicine? Protein Cell. 2018;9(5):432–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Vaz VM, Kumar L. 3D Printing as a Promising Tool in Personalized Medicine. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2021;22(1):49.

  4. Wang J, et al. Emerging 3D printing technologies for drug delivery devices: current status and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;174:294–316.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Javaid M, Haleem A. 4D printing applications in medical field: a brief review. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7(3):317–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Elbadawi M, McCoubrey LE, Gavins FKH, Ong JJ, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Harnessing artificial intelligence for the next generation of 3D printed medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;175: 113805.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ong JJ, Castro BM, Gaisford S, Cabalar P, Basit AW, Perez G, Goyanes A. Accelerating 3D printing of pharmaceutical products using machine learning. Int J Pharm. 2022;4: 100120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Elbadawi M, McCoubrey LE, Gavins FKH, Ong JJ, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Disrupting 3D printing of medicines with machine learning. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021;42(9):745–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Castro BM, Elbadawi M, Ong JJ, Pollard T, Song Z, Gaisford S, Perez G, Basit AW, Cabalar P, Goyanes A. Machine learning predicts 3D printing performance of over 900 drug delivery systems. J Control Release. 2021;337:530–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Grof Z, Stepanek F. Artificial intelligence based design of 3D printed tablets for personalized medicine. Comput Chem Eng. 2021;154: 107492.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Banerjee A, Haridas HK, SenGupta A, Jabalia N. Artificial intelligence in 3D printing: a revolution in health care. Emerging Applications of 3D Printing During CoVID 19 Pandemic. 2022:57–79.

  12. Tathe A, Ghodke M, Nikalje AP. A brief review: biomaterials and their apllication. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2(4):19–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nikita N, Kamlesh W, Milind U. An overview on biomaterials: pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Appl Sci. 2021;11(11):154–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Festas AJ, Ramos A, Davim JP. Medical devices biomaterials – a review. The Journal of Materials: Design and Applications. 2020;234(1):218–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bandari S, Nyavanandi D, Dumpa N, Repka MA. Coupling hot melt extrusion and fused deposition modeling: critical properties for successful performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;172:52–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cailleaux S, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Gueche YA, Bataille B, Soulairol I. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), the new asset for the production of tailored medicines. J Control Release. 2021;330:821–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Long J, Gholizadeh H, Lu J, Bunt C, Seyfoddin A. Applications of fused deposition modelling (FDM) method of 3D printing in drug delivery. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(3):433–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sánchez-Guirales SA, Jurado N, Kara A, Lalatsa A, Serrano DR. Understanding direct powder extrusion for fabrication of 3d printed personalised medicines: a case study for nifedipine minitablets. Pharm. 2021;13(10).

  19. Borandeh S, van Bochove B, Teotia A, Seppälä J. Polymeric drug delivery systems by additive manufacturing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;173:349–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Goole J, Amighi K. 3D printing in pharmaceutics: a new tool for designing customized drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm. 2016;499(1–2):376–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zheng Y, Deng F, Wang B, Wu Y, Luo Q, Zuo X, Li X. Melt extrusion deposition (MED™) 3D printing technology: a paradigm shift in design and development of modified release drug products. Int J Pharm. 2021;602.

  22. Goyanes A, Allahham N, Trenfield SJ, Stoyanov E, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Direct powder extrusion 3D printing: Fabrication of drug products using a novel single-step process. Int J Pharm. 2019;567:118471.

  23. AziziMachekposhti S, Mohaved S, Narayan RJ. Inkjet dispensing technologies: recent advances for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2019;14(2):101–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Boehm RD, Miller PR, Daniels J, Stafslien S, Narayan RJ. Inkjet printing for pharmaceutical applications. Mater Today. 2014;17(5):247–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Daly R, Harrington TS, Martin GD, Hutchings IM. Inkjet printing for pharmaceutics - a review of research and manufacturing. Int J Pharm. 2015;494(2):554–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Derby B. Inkjet printing of functional and structural materials: fluid property requirements, feature stability, and resolution. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2010;40:395–414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hoath SD. Fundamentals of inkjet printing: the science of inkjet and droplets: John Wiley & Sons; 2016.

  28. De Gans BJ, Duineveld PC, Schubert US. Inkjet printing of polymers: state of the art and future developments. Adv Mater. 2004;16(3):203–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cader HK, et al. Water-based 3D inkjet printing of an oral pharmaceutical dosage form. Int J Pharm. 2019;564(April):359–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Genina N, et al. Tailoring controlled-release oral dosage forms by combining inkjet and flexographic printing techniques. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2012;47(3):615–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Edinger M, Bar-Shalom D, Sandler N, Rantanen J, Genina N. QR encoded smart oral dosage forms by inkjet printing. Int J Pharm. 2018;536(1):138–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Melendez PA, Kane KM, Ashvar CS, Albrecht M, Smith PA. Thermal inkjet application in the preparation of oral dosage forms: dispensing of prednisolone solutions and polymorphic characterization by solid-state spectroscopic techniques. J Pharm Sci. 2012;101(7):2271–80.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Buanz ABM, Saunders MH, Basit AW, Gaisford S. Preparation of personalized-dose salbutamol sulphate oral films with thermal ink-jet printing. Pharm Res. 2011;28(10):2386–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Planchette C, et al. Printing medicines as orodispersible dosage forms: effect of substrate on the printed micro-structure. Int J Pharm. 2016;509(1–2):518–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vuddanda PR, et al. Personalisation of warfarin therapy using thermal ink-jet printing. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;117(September 2017):80–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kollamaram G, Hopkins SC, Glowacki BA, Croker DM, Walker GM. Inkjet printing of paracetamol and indomethacin using electromagnetic technology: rheological compatibility and polymorphic selectivity. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;115(September2017):248–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sandler N, et al. Inkjet printing of drug substances and use of porous substrates-towards individualized dosing. J Pharm Sci. 2011;100(8):3386–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Genina N, Janßen EM, Breitenbach A, Breitkreutz J, Sandler N. Evaluation of different substrates for inkjet printing of rasagiline mesylate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2013;85(3 PART B):1075–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Park T-M, Kang D, Jang I, Yun W-S, Shim J-H, Jeong YH, et al. Fabrication of in vitro cancer microtissue array on fibroblast-layered nanofibrous membrane by inkjet printing. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(11):2348.

  40. Faulkner-Jones A, Fyfe C, Cornelissen D-J, Gardner J, King J, Courtney A, et al. Bioprinting of human pluripotent stem cells and their directed differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells for the generation of mini-livers in 3D. Biofabrication. 2015;7(4):044102.

  41. Xu T, Zhao W, Zhu JM, Albanna MZ, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Complex heterogeneous tissue constructs containing multiple cell types prepared by inkjet printing technology. Biomaterials. 2013;34(1):130–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Xu T, Binder KW, Albanna MZ, Dice D, Zhao W, Yoo JJ, et al. Hybrid printing of mechanically and biologically improved constructs for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Biofabrication. 2012;5(1):015001.

  43. Skardal A, et al. Bioprinted amniotic fluid-derived stem ccells accelerate healing of large skin wounds. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012;1(11):792–802.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Acosta-Vélez GF, Linsley CS, Craig MC, Wu BM. Photocurable bioink for the inkjet 3D pharming of hydrophilic drugs. Bioeng. 2017;4(1).

  45. Wickström H, et al. Improvement of dissolution rate of indomethacin by inkjet printing. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015;75:91–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Scoutaris N, Alexander MR, Gellert PR, Roberts CJ. Inkjet printing as a novel medicine formulation technique. J Control Release. 2011;156(2):179–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Inzana JA, Olvera D, Fuller SM, Kelly JP, Graeve OA, Schwarz EM, Kates SL, Awad HA. 3D printing of composite calcium phosphate and collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration. Biomaterials. 2014;35:4026–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Goyanes A, Det-Amornrat U, Wang J, Basit AW, Gaisford S. 3D scanning and 3D printing as innovative technologies for fabricating personalized topical drug delivery systems. J Control Release. 2016;234:41–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Anadioti E, Kane B, Soulas E. Current and emerging applications of 3D printing in restorative dentistry. Curr Oral Heal Reports. 2018;5(2):133–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Tamay DG, Dursun Usal T, Alagoz AS, Yucel D, Hasirci N, Hasirci V. 3D and 4D printing of polymers for tissue engineering applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:164.

  51. Bird D, Eker E, Ravindra NM, editors. 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and transdermal drug delivery––an overview. TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings; 2019: Springer.

  52. Rodríguez-Pombo L, Xu X, Seijo-Rabina A, Ong JJ, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Rial C, Goyanes A. Volumetric 3D printing for rapid production of medicines. Addit Manuf. 2022;52: 102673.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lim SH, Kathuria H, Tan JJY, Kang L. 3D printed drug delivery and testing systems: a passing fad or the future? Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018;132:139–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Economidou SN, Lamprou DA, Douroumis D. 3D printing applications for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2018;544(2):415–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Karakurt I, Lin L. 3D printing technologies: techniques, materials, and post-processing. Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2020;28:134–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Heshmati NA, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu A, Pillai AR, Maniruzzaman M. A novel 3D printing particulate manufacturing technology for encapsulation of protein therapeutics: Sprayed multi adsorbed-droplet reposing technology (SMART). Bioengineering. 2022;9(11):653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Agrawal A, Gupta AK. 3D Printing technology in pharmaceuticals and biomedical: a review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019;9(2):1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Sen K, Mehta T, Sansare S, Sharifi L, Ma AW, Chaudhuri B. Pharmaceutical applications of powder-based binder jet 3D printing process: a review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;177: 113943.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Fina F, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing of medicines. Int J Pharm. 2017;529(1–2):285–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Singh S, Ramakrishna S, Berto F. 3D printing of polymer composites: a short review. Mater Des Process Commun. 2020;2(2):1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Charoo NA, et al. Selective laser sintering 3D printing–an overview of the technology and pharmaceutical applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2020;46(6):869–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Manoharan V, Chou SM, Forrester S, Chai GB, Kong PW. Application of additive manufacturing techniques in sports footwear: this paper suggests a five-point scoring technique to evaluate the performance of four AM techniques, namely, stereolithography (SLA), PolyJet (PJ), selective laser sintering (SLS) and t. Virtual Phys Prototyp. 2013;8(4):249–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Awad A, Fina F, Goyanes A, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Advances in powder bed fusion 3D printing in drug delivery and healthcare. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;174:406–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cui M, et al. Exploration and preparation of patient-specific ciprofloxacin implants drug delivery system via 3D printing technologies. J Pharm Sci. 2021;110(11):3678–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Farmer ZL, et al. 3D printed estradiol-eluting urogynecological mesh implants: Influence of material and mesh geometry on their mechanical properties. Int J Pharm. 2020;593(October):2021.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Yang Y, et al. 3D-printed polycaprolactone-chitosan based drug delivery implants for personalized administration. Mater Des. 2022;214: 110394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Wu L, Park J, Kamaki Y, Kim B. Optimization of the fused deposition modeling-based fabrication process for polylactic acid microneedles. Microsyst Nanoeng. 2021;7(1).

  68. Krause J, Müller L, Sarwinska D, Seidlitz A, Sznitowska M, Weitschies W. 3D printing of mini tablets for pediatric use. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(2):1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Ayyoubi S et al. 3D printed spherical mini-tablets: geometry versus composition effects in controlling dissolution from personalised solid dosage forms. Int J Pharm. 2021;597(January).

  70. Nukala PK, Palekar S, Patki M, Patel K. Abuse deterrent immediate release egg-shaped tablet (Egglets) using 3D printing technology: quality by design to optimize drug release and extraction. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20:1–12.

  71. Okwuosa TC, Soares C, Gollwitzer V, Habashy R, Timmins P, Alhnan MA. On demand manufacturing of patient-specific liquid capsules via co-ordinated 3D printing and liquid dispensing. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;118(December 2017):134–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Bi M, Kyad A, Alvarez-Nunez F, Alvarez F. Enhancing and sustaining AMG 009 dissolution from a bilayer oral solid dosage form via microenvironmental pH modulation and supersaturation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2011;12(4):1401–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Keikhosravi N, Mirdamadian SZ, Varshosaz J, Taheri A. Preparation and characterization of polypills containing aspirin and simvastatin using 3D printing technology for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2020;46(10):1665–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Zhao X, Wei W, Niu R, Li Q, Hu C, Jiang S. 3D printed intragastric floating and sustained-release tablets with air chambers. J Pharm Sci. 2022;111(1):116–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Lamichhane S, Park J, Sohn DH, Lee S. Customized novel design of 3D printed pregabalin tablets for intra-gastric floating and controlled release using fused deposition modeling.  2019.

  76. Fanous M, et al. Development of immediate release 3D-printed dosage forms for a poorly water-soluble drug by fused deposition modeling: Study of morphology, solid state and dissolution. Int J Pharm. 2021;599:120417.

  77. Crișan AG, et al. QbD guided development of immediate release FDM-3D printed tablets with customizable API doses. Int J Pharm. 2021;613(October):2022.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Than YM, Titapiwatanakun V. Tailoring immediate release FDM 3D printed tablets using a quality by design (QbD) approach. Int J Pharm. 2021;599(January):120402.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Omari S, Ashour EA, Elkanayati R, Alyahya M, Almutairi M, Repka MA, MA. Formulation development of loratadine immediate-release tablets using hot-melt extrusion and 3D printing technology. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2022;74:103505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Elkanayati R, Chambliss WG, Omari S, Almutairi M, Repka MA, Ashour EA. Mucoadhesive buccal films for treatment of xerostomia prepared by hot-melt extrusion and 3D printing technologies. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;75: 103660.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Nashed N, Lam M, Nokhodchi A. A comprehensive overview of extended release oral dosage forms manufactured through hot melt extrusion and its combination with 3D printing. Int J Pharm. 2021;596(January):120237.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Đuranović M, Obeid S, Madžarević M, Cvijić S, Ibrić S. Paracetamol extended release FDM 3D printlets: evaluation of formulation variables on printability and drug release. Int J Pharm. 2020;592(October):2021.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gültekin HE, Tort S, Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Acartürk F. 3D printed extended release tablets for once daily use: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation study for a personalized solid dosage form. Int J Pharm. 2020;596(October):2021.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Gorkem Buyukgoz G, Soffer D, Defendre J, Pizzano GM, Davé RN. Exploring tablet design options for tailoring drug release and dose via fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Int J Pharm. 2020;591(October).

  85. Vo AQ, Zhang J, Nyavanandi D, Bandari S, Repka MA. Hot melt extrusion paired fused deposition modeling 3D printing to develop hydroxypropyl cellulose based floating tablets of cinnarizine. Carbohydr Polym. 2020;246(May):116519.

  86. Oladeji SA, Dadou SM, Zhao M, Li S, Jones DS, Andrews GP. The development and optimisation of gastro-retentive floating tablets using fused deposition modelling 3D printing. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2022;no. March, pp. 1–17.

  87. Li R, Pan Y, Chen D, Xu X, Yan G, Fan T. Design, preparation and in vitro evaluation of core–shell fused deposition modelling 3D-printed verapamil hydrochloride pulsatile tablets. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(2):437.

  88. Tranová T, et al. Fused deposition modeling as a possible approach for the preparation of orodispersible tablets. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15(1):69.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Manini G, Benali S, Mathew A, Napolitano S, Raquez JM, Goole J. Paliperidone palmitate as model of heat-sensitive drug for long-acting 3D printing application. Int J Pharm. 2022;618(December 2021):121662.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Mirdamadian SZ, Varshosaz J, Minaiyan M, Taheri A. 3D printed tablets containing oxaliplatin loaded alginate nanoparticles for colon cancer targeted delivery. An in vitro/in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;205(January):90–109.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Shi K, Slavage JP, M.Maniruzzaman M, Nokhodchi A. Role of release modifiers to modulate drug release from fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printed tablets. Int J Pharm. 2021;597(January).

  92. Isreb A, Baj K, Wojsz M, Isreb M, Peak M, Alhnan MA. 3D printed oral theophylline doses with innovative ‘radiator-like’ design: impact of polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecular weight. Int J Pharm. 2019;564(November 2018):98–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Alhijjaj M, Belton P, Qi S. An investigation into the use of polymer blends to improve the printability of and regulate drug release from pharmaceutical solid dispersions prepared via fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2016;108:111–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Kempin W et al. Immediate release 3D-printed tablets produced via fused deposition modeling of a thermo-sensitive drug. Pharm Res. 2018;35(6).

  95. Verstraete G, et al. 3D printing of high drug loaded dosage forms using thermoplastic polyurethanes. Int J Pharm. 2018;536(1):318–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Scoutaris N, Ross S, Douroumis D. Current trends on medical and pharmaceutical applications of inkjet printing technology. Pharm Res. 2016;33(8):1799–816.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Zakeri-Milani P, Nezhadi SH, Barzegar-Jalali M, Mohammadi L, Nokhodchi A, Valizadeh H. Studies on dissolution enhancement of prednisolone, a poorly water-soluble drug by solid dispersion technique. Adv Pharm Bull. 2011;1(1):48–53.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Iftimi LD, Edinger M, Bar-Shalom D, Rantanen J, Genina N. Edible solid foams as porous substrates for inkjet-printable pharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2019;136(June 2018):38–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Eleftheriadis G, et al. Development and characterization of inkjet printed edible films for buccal delivery of b-complex vitamins. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(9):1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. He Y, et al. A reactive prodrug ink formulation strategy for inkjet 3D printing of controlled release dosage forms and implants. Adv Ther. 2020;3(6):1900187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Palo M, et al. Development of oromucosal dosage forms by combining electrospinning and inkjet printing. Mol Pharm. 2017;14(3):808–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Kyobula M, et al. 3D inkjet printing of tablets exploiting bespoke complex geometries for controlled and tuneable drug release. J Control Release. 2017;261(March):207–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Acosta-Vélez GF, Zhu TZ, Linsley CS, Wu BM. Photocurable poly(ethylene glycol) as a bioink for the inkjet 3D pharming of hydrophobic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2018;546(1–2):145–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Fina F, et al. 3D printing of drug-loaded gyroid lattices using selective laser sintering. Int J Pharm. 2018;547(1–2):44–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Barakh Ali SF, et al. Understanding the effects of formulation and process variables on the printlets quality manufactured by selective laser sintering 3D printing. Int J Pharm. 2019;570(May):118651.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Allahham N, et al. Selective laser sintering 3D printing of orally disintegrating printlets containing ondansetron. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(2):1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Thakkar R, Jara MO, Swinnea S, Pillai AR, Maniruzzaman M. Impact of laser speed and drug particle size on selective laser sintering 3D printing of amorphous solid dispersions. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(8):1149.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Mohamed EM, Barakh ASF, Rahman Z, Dharani S, Ozkan T, Kuttolamadom MA, Khan MA. Formulation optimization of selective laser sintering 3D-printed tablets of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride by response surface methodology. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21(6):1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Xu X, et al. Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing of an antihypertensive polyprintlet: case study of an unexpected photopolymer-drug reaction. Addit Manuf. 2020;33(December 2019):101071.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Robles-Martinez P et al. 3D printing of a multi-layered polypill containing six drugs using a novel stereolithographic method. Pharm. 2019;11(6).

  111. Asikainen S, van Bochove B, Seppälä JV. Drug-releasing biopolymeric structures manufactured via stereolithography. Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2019;5(2):025008.

  112. Pistone M, Racaniello GF, Arduino I, Laquintana V, Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, et al. Direct cyclodextrin-based powder extrusion 3D printing for one-step production of the BCS class II model drug niclosamide. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022;12(8):1895–910.

  113. Mendibil X, Tena G, Duque A, Uranga N, Campanero MÁ, Alonso J. Direct powder extrusion of paracetamol loaded mixtures for 3d printed pharmaceutics for personalized medicine via low temperature thermal processing. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(6):907.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. El Aita I, Rahman J, Breitkreutz J, Quodbach J. 3D-printing with precise layer-wise dose adjustments for paediatric use via pressure-assisted microsyringe printing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2020;157(October):59–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Hu Y, et al. Botanical-inspired 4D printing of hydrogel at the microscale. Adv Funct Mater. 2020;30(4):1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Ibrahim O (July 28, 2022), "Five companies personalizing treatments with 3D printed drugs," LABIOTECH.eu, https://www.labiotech.eu/best-biotech/five-companies-personalizing-treatments-with-3d-printed-drugs/

  117. Balfour H (September 14, 2021). 3D printing - current pharmaceutical applications and future directions, EPR, https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/article/162544/3d-printing-current-pharmaceutical-applications-and-future-directions/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Derick Muhindo, Rasha Elkanayati, Priyanka Srinivasan, Michael A. Repka & Eman A. Ashour

  2. Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Michael A. Repka

Authors
  1. Derick Muhindo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rasha Elkanayati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Priyanka Srinivasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael A. Repka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Eman A. Ashour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Derick Muhindo: design the review article, interpret the relevant literature, and write and review the original draft. Rasha Elkanayati: design the review article, interpret the relevant literature, and write and review the original draft. Priyanka Srinivasan: design the review article, interpret the relevant literature, and write and review the original draft. Michael A. Repka: critically revise the review article. Eman A. Ashour: select the topic of the review article, supervise, and critically revise the review article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eman A. Ashour.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Muhindo, D., Elkanayati, R., Srinivasan, P. et al. Recent Advances in the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02524-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02524-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation