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First Development, Optimization, and Stability Control of a Pediatric Oral Atenolol Formulation

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A Correction to this article was published on 16 April 2018

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Abstract

Liquid formulations can be used in children of different ages by varying the volume of the administered dose in order to ensure an exact dosage. The aim of this work was to develop and to optimize a safe liquid atenolol formulation and to carry out the corresponding chemical and microbiological stability studies. A Plackett-Burman design was used to determine the factors that could be critical in the development of the formulations, and a central composite design was used to determine the optimal working conditions. As a result of these analyses, three formulations were selected and their stability studied in three storage conditions, 4, 25, and 40°C. After 6 months of stability testing, the optimal systems showed no pH change or atenolol loss; however, only glycerin-based formulations showed no microbial development. These systems, employing excipients in a range that the EMA has recommended, showed chemical and microbiological stability for at least 6 months even at the worst storage conditions.

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Change history

  • 16 April 2018

    In the INTRODUCTION section, Atenolol is defined in parenthesis as (ATN, Fig. 1.) The correct definition is (ATN). Fig 1 corresponds to the RESULTS section.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the staff from the English Department (Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR) for the language correction of the manuscript and Cecilia Cassabone for the microbiological assays.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Universidad Nacional de Rosario Argentina and CONICET Argentina for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Planta piloto de Producción de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina

    Mauro Morri

  2. Área Análisis de Medicamentos, Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina

    Patricia Castellano & Silvana Vignaduzzo

  3. IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina

    Patricia Castellano, Darío Leonardi & Silvana Vignaduzzo

  4. Área Técnica Farmacéutica, Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina

    Darío Leonardi

  5. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha, 531, 24, 2000, Rosario, Argentina

    Darío Leonardi & Silvana Vignaduzzo

Authors
  1. Mauro Morri
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  2. Patricia Castellano
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Darío Leonardi or Silvana Vignaduzzo.

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Morri, M., Castellano, P., Leonardi, D. et al. First Development, Optimization, and Stability Control of a Pediatric Oral Atenolol Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 19, 1781–1788 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-0992-5

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