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Development of Spray Dried Liposomal Dry Powder Inhaler of Dapsone

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Abstract

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate practical feasibility of site specific pulmonary delivery of liposomal encapsulated Dapsone (DS) dry powder inhaler for prolonged drug retention in lungs as an effective alternative in prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) associated with immunocompromised patients. DS encapsulated liposomes were prepared by thin film evaporation technique and resultant liposomal dispersion was passed through high pressure homogenizer. DS nano-liposomes (NLs) were separated by ultra centrifugation and characterized. NLs were dispersed in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.4 containing different carriers like lactose, sucrose, and hydrolyzed gelatin, and 15% l-leucine as antiadherent. The resultant dispersion was spray dried and spray dried formulation were characterized to ascertain its performance. In vitro pulmonary deposition was assessed using Andersen Cascade Impactor as per USP. NLs were found to have average size of 137 ± 15 nm, 95.17 ± 3.43% drug entrapment, and zeta potential of 0.8314 ± 0.0827 mV. Hydrolyzed gelatin based formulation was found to have low density, good flowability, particle size of 7.9 ± 1.1 μm, maximum fine particle fraction (FPF) of 75.6 ± 1.6%, mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) 2.2 ± 0.1 μm, and geometric standard deviation (GSD) 2.3 ± 0.1. Developed formulations were found to have in vitro prolonged drug release up to 16 h, and obeys Higuchi's Controlled Release model. The investigation provides a practical approach for direct delivery of DS encapsulated in NLs for site specific controlled and prolonged release behavior at the site of action and hence, may play a promising role in prevention of PCP.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are thankful to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India for providing funding to the research project and Technology Information and Forecasting Council's (TIFAC) Centre of Relevance and Excellence in New Drug Delivery System. The authors are thankful to Sun Pharmaceutical Advanced Research Center (SPARC), Vadodara, India, Zydus Cadila Ltd, Ahmedabad, India and Panacea Biotec Ltd, Lalru, India for availing facilities for part of research work.

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  1. TIFAC-CORE in NDDS, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara, 390 001, Gujarat, India

    Mahavir Chougule, Bijay Padhi & Ambikanandan Misra

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  1. Mahavir Chougule
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  2. Bijay Padhi
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  3. Ambikanandan Misra
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Correspondence to Ambikanandan Misra.

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Chougule, M., Padhi, B. & Misra, A. Development of Spray Dried Liposomal Dry Powder Inhaler of Dapsone. AAPS PharmSciTech 9, 47–53 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-007-9024-6

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