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Excipient selection can significantly affect solid-state phase transformation in formulation during wet granulation

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Abstract

Phase transformations in formulations can lead to instability in physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and processing properties of products. The influences of formulation design on the optimal dosage forms should be specified. The aim here was to investigate whether excipients with different water sorption behavior affect hydrate formation of nitrofurantoin in wet masses. Nitrofurantoin anhydrate was used as a hydrate-forming model drug, and 4 excipients with different water-absorbing potential (amorphous low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, modified maize starch, partially amorphous silicified microcrystalline cellulose, and crystalline α-lactose monohydrate) were granulated with varying amounts of purified water. Off-line evaluation of wet masses containing nitrofurantoin anhydrate and excipient (1∶1) was performed using an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRPD) and near-infrared spectroscopy, and drying phase was evaluated by variable temperature XRPD. Only amorphous excipient in the formulation retarded hydrate formation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at high water contents. Hygroscopic partially crystalline excipient hindered hydrate formation of API at low water contents. Crystalline excipient was unable to control hydrate formation of API. The character of excipient affects the stability of formulation. Thus, correct selection of excipients for the formulation can control processing-induced phase transitions and improve the storage stability of the final dosage form.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Sari Airaksinen, Milja Karjalainen & Jouko Yliruusi

  2. Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Niina Kivikero

  3. Orion Pharma, FIN-02200, Espoo, Finland

    Sari Westermarck & Anna Shevchenko

  4. Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Jukka Rantanen & Jouko Yliruusi

Authors
  1. Sari Airaksinen
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  2. Milja Karjalainen
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  3. Niina Kivikero
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  4. Sari Westermarck
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  5. Anna Shevchenko
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  6. Jukka Rantanen
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  7. Jouko Yliruusi
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Correspondence to Sari Airaksinen.

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Published: October 6, 2005

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Airaksinen, S., Karjalainen, M., Kivikero, N. et al. Excipient selection can significantly affect solid-state phase transformation in formulation during wet granulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 6, 41 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1208/pt060241

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/pt060241

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