Abstract
In this paper, the problem of delay-dependent stability is investigated for uncertain Markovian jump neural networks with leakage delay, two additive time-varying delay components, and nonlinear perturbations. The Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and two additive time-varying delay components are assumed to be different in the system model, and the Markovian jumping parameters in each of the two additive time-varying delay components are also different. The relationship between the time-varying delays and their upper delay bounds is efficiently utilized to study the suggested system in two cases: with known or unknown parameters, which leads to more information of the lower and upper bounds of the time-varying delays that can be used. By constructing a newly augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using the extended Wirtinger inequality and a reciprocally convex method, several sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee the stability of the proposed model. Numerical examples and their simulations are given to show the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.
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1 Introduction
Over the last decades, considerable attention has been devoted to the study of neural networks because they have been extensively applied in many areas, such as signal processing, optimization problem, static image treatment, and so on [1–4]. However, significant differences between an ideal and a practical neural networks are often encountered due to the limitations of hardware. These differences can cause unpredictable problems such as time delays, uncertainties, etc. [5–9]. A special type of time delay, namely, leakage delay, is a time delay that exists in the negative feedback terms of the system which has a tendency to destabilize a system [10–15]. In [11], Peng discusses global attractive periodic solutions of BAM neural networks with continuously distributed delays in the leakage terms. Very recently, the stability problem for a class of dynamical systems with leakage delay and nonlinear perturbations is investigated in [12]. Further, Zhao et al. [13] deal with the passivity problem for a class of stochastic neural networks with time-varying delays and leakage delay as well as generalized activation functions by the free-weighting method and stochastic analysis technique. In addition, it is well known that nonlinear perturbations exist widely in practice and may cause instability, oscillation, and poor performance of real systems. With this regard, many attentions have been paid to the problem of nonlinear perturbed systems with time delays [12, 16–19]. However, it is rare to see the study of the stability problem for Markovian jump neural networks with leakage delay, two additive time-varying delays, and nonlinear perturbations.
In applications, there will be some parameter variations in the structures of neural networks. These changes may be abrupt or may be continuous variations. Abrupt variations can be described by the switch or Markovian jump systems [20–26]. For Markovian jump systems with one time-varying delay component, the finite-time boundedness of delayed Markovian jumping neural networks is studied in [27]. However, in [27], the Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and discrete delays are the same. Furthermore, the state estimation problem of delayed Markovian jump neural networks is investigated in [28], where the Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and delays are assumed to be different. For Markovian jump systems with two additive time-varying delay components, in [29], Chen et al. discuss the problem of delay-dependent stability and dissipativity analysis of generalized Markovian jump neural networks with two delay components, where the two delay components are not related to the Markovian jumping parameters. Once again, the Markovian jump neural network is investigated in [30], in the considered system, two additive time-delay components are two mode-dependent time-varying delays, which have the same Markovian jumping parameters with connection weight matrices. Motivated by [28], it is natural to consider the case that the Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and each of the two additive time-varying delay components are different. In fact, when the modes in the connection weight matrices are fixed, two additive time-varying delay components may also have finite modes due to the dynamic systems subject to abrupt variation frequently in their structures, and the switching between different modes can also be governed by a Markov chain. The Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and two additive time-varying delay components may be different. Similarly, when the modes in the connection weight matrices and one of the two additive time-varying delay components are fixed, the other time delay of the two additive time-varying components may have different finite modes as well. So the Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and each of the two additive time-varying delay components may be different. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are results as regards the stability of delayed neural networks with three different Markovian jumping parameters.
Due to the complexity of neural networks, parameter uncertainties which often destroy the stability of systems can be commonly encountered. Fortunately, one can obtain the ranges of some fundamental coefficients by engineering experience even from incomplete information. Therefore, to meet the practical applications, it is of great importance and significance to study the robustness of delayed neural networks [31–35]. In the field of robust analysis, how to estimate more accurately the derivatives of the constructed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is a crucial step in reducing the conservatism. There have been many methods in the existing works such as Jenson’s inequality [36], the reciprocally convex approach [37], the integral inequality technique [38], and so on. It is worth noting that there is still room for improvement. First, both sides of Jenson’s inequality in [36] are integrals about the state. In this paper, the extended Wirtinger inequality is introduced, which indicates the relationship between the state and the derivative of the state. Second, all the above mentioned works do not consider the relationship between time-varying delays and their upper bounds. In [39], the relationship between the time-varying delay and its upper bound is taken into account when estimating the upper bound of the derivative of Lyapunov functional, and it is seen that \(d_{1}(t)\) is not simply enlarged as \(h_{1}\), instead, the relationship that \(d_{1}(t)+(h_{1}-d_{1}(t))=h_{1}\) is considered. Recently, the relationship between time-varying delays and their upper bounds is further considered in [40]. According to the relationship \(0\leq d_{1}(t)\leq d_{1}\) and \(d_{1}(t)\leq d(t)\leq d\), the authors consider two cases while calculating the derivative of the Lyapunov functional: \(d(t)\in[d_{1}(t),d_{1})\) and \(d(t)\in[d_{1},d]\). But so far, this method has not been fully used to investigate the robust stability of Markovian jump neural networks with two additive time-varying delay components. Third, since the relationship between time-varying delays and their upper bounds is fully considered, the extended reciprocally convex approach in [40] will be used to deal with the robust stability problem of Markovian jump neural networks with two additive time-varying delay components.
Enlightened by the above discussion, the problem of robust stability for neural networks with mode-dependent time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations is studied in this paper. The Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and each of the two additive time-varying components are assumed to be different in the system model. Accordingly, a new weak infinitesimal operator is first proposed to act on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with three different Markovian jumping parameters. The relationship between the time-varying delays and their upper delay bounds is efficiently utilized. According to which interval time-varying delay \(h(t)\) belongs to, different methods are used to estimate the derivatives of the constructed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. By constructing a newly augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using the extended Wirtinger inequality, extended reciprocally convex method, several sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the stability of the proposed model for all admissible parameter uncertainties. Numerical examples and their simulations are given to show the smaller conservatism and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Notations
Throughout this paper, the superscripts −1 and T stand for the inverse and transpose of a matrix, respectively; \(P>0\) means that the matrix P is symmetric positive definite; \(R^{n}\) denotes n-dimensional Euclidean space; \(R^{{m}\times{n}}\) is the set of \(m\times n\) real matrices; ∗ denotes the symmetric block in symmetric matrix; \(\|\cdot\|\) refers to the induced matrix 2-norm; \(\operatorname{Sym}\{M\} \) means \(M+M^{T}\); \(\mathcal{C}_{\tau}^{1}=C^{1}([-\tau,0],R^{n})=\{\phi:[-\tau ,0]\rightarrow R^{n}\mbox{ is continuously differentiable}\}\); \(\lambda_{\max }(Q)\) and \(\lambda_{\min}(Q)\) denote, respectively, the maximal and minimal eigenvalue of matrix Q; The space of functions φ: \([a,b]\rightarrow R^{n}\) which are absolutely continuous on \([a, b)\), have a finite \(\lim_{\theta\rightarrow b^{-}}\varphi(\theta)\), and have square integrable first order derivatives, is denoted by \(W_{n}[a, b)\).
2 Problem statement and preliminaries
Let \(\{r_{t},t\geq0\}\), \(\{\delta_{t},t\geq0\}\), and \(\{\ell_{t},t\geq0\}\) be three right-continuous Markov chains on a complete probability space \((\Omega, F, \mathbf{P})\) taking values in finite state spaces \(\varsigma_{1}=\{1,2,\ldots,N_{1}\}\), \(\varsigma_{2}=\{1,2,\ldots,N_{2}\}\), and \(\varsigma_{3}=\{1,2,\ldots,N_{3}\}\), respectively. The transition probability matrices \(\Pi=(\pi_{ij})_{N_{1}\times N_{1}}\), \(P=(p_{qk_{1}})_{N_{2}\times N_{2}}\) and \(L=(l_{rk_{2}})_{N_{3}\times N_{3}}\) are given by
where \(\triangle>0\), \(\lim_{\triangle\rightarrow0}\frac{o(\triangle)}{\triangle}=0\), \(\pi _{ij}\geq0\), \(\forall j\neq i\), \(p_{qk_{1}}\geq0\), \(\forall k_{1}\neq q\) and \(l_{rk_{2}}\geq0\), \(\forall k_{2}\neq r\) are, respectively, the transition rate from mode i at time t to mode j at time \(t+\triangle\), mode q at time t to mode \(k_{1}\) at time \(t+\triangle\) and mode r at time t to mode \(k_{2}\) at time \(t+\triangle\). Moreover, \(\pi_{ii}=-\sum_{j=1,j\neq i}^{j=N_{1}}\pi_{ij}\), \(p_{qq}=-\sum_{k_{1}=1,k_{1}\neq q}^{k_{1}=N_{2}}p_{qk_{1}}\) and \(l_{rr}=-\sum_{k_{2}=1,k_{2}\neq r}^{k_{2}=N_{3}}l_{rk_{2}}\).
In this paper, we consider the following dynamical system:
where \(x(t)=[x_{1}(t),x_{2}(t),\ldots,x_{n}(t)]^{T}\in{R}^{n}\) represents the neuron state vector; \(C(r_{t})=\operatorname{diag}\{c_{1}(r_{t}),c_{2}(r_{t}),\ldots,c_{n}(r_{t})\}\) is a diagonal matrix with positive entries. The matrices \(A(r_{t})\) represent the discretely delayed connection weight matrices; \(\sigma\geq0\) is the leakage delay, \(h_{1}(t,\delta_{t})\) and \(h_{2}(t,\ell_{t})\) are continuous mode-dependent time-varying functions that represent the two delay components in the state which satisfy
where \(h_{1}\), \(h_{2}\), \(\mu_{1}\), and \(\mu_{2}\) are constants scalars, and we denote \(h_{qr}(t)=h_{1}(t,\delta_{t})+h_{2}(t,\ell_{t})\), \(h(t)=h_{1}(t)+h_{2}(t)\), \(h=h_{1}+h_{2}\), and \(\mu=\mu_{1}+\mu_{2}\).
And \(\phi(s)\in\mathcal{C}_{\tau}^{1}\); \(f(t,x(t-\sigma),x(t-h_{qr}(t)))\) represents the nonlinear term of system (1) which satisfies \(f(t,0,0)=0\) and
where \(\alpha\geq0\) and \(\beta\geq0\) are two real constants, \(E_{\alpha}\) and \(E_{\beta}\) are two known real matrices.
Remark 1
For Markovian jump systems with two additive time-varying delay components, the two additive time-varying delay components may be irrelated to Markovian jumping parameters [29]; the Markovian jumping parameters in the two additive time-varying delay components may be the same as the one in the connection weight matrices [30]. In fact, when the modes in the connection weight matrices are fixed, two additive time-varying delay components may also has finite modes, and the switching between different modes can also be governed by a Markov chain. So the Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and two additive time-varying delay components may be different. Similarly, when the modes in the connection weight matrices and one of the two additive time-varying delay components are fixed, the other time delay of the two additive time-varying components may has different finite modes as well. So the Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and each of the two additive time-varying delay components may be different. Therefore, the considered model (1) with three different Markovian jumping parameters needs to be introduced.
Moreover, the system (1) has an equivalent form as follows:
Before proceeding, the following definition and lemmas are introduced.
Definition 1
Let \(x_{t}=x(t+s)\), \(-\max\{\sigma,h\}\leq s\leq0\), \(\{x_{t}, r_{t}, \delta_{t}, \ell_{t}\}_{t}\geq0\) is a \(\mathcal {C}([-\max\{\sigma,h\},0]; R^{n})\times\varsigma_{1}\times\varsigma_{2}\times \varsigma_{3}\)-valued Markov process. The weak infinitesimal operator acting on a LKF: \(\mathcal{C}([-\max\{\sigma,h\},0];R^{n})\times\varsigma _{1}\times\varsigma_{2}\times\varsigma_{3}\times R^{+}\rightarrow R\) is defined by
Remark 2
Due to three different Markovian jumping parameters being introduced in the model considered, a weak infinitesimal operator acting on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with three different Markovian jumping parameters is first proposed in Definition 1.
Lemma 2.1
[12]
Given any real matrix \(M>0\) of appropriate dimension and a vector function \(\omega(\cdot):[a,b]\rightarrow R^{n}\), such that the integrations concerned are well defined, then
Lemma 2.2
[40]
For \(k_{i}(t)\in[0,1]\), \({\sum_{i=1}^{N}}k_{i}(t)=1\), and vectors \(\eta_{i}\) which satisfy \(\eta_{i}=0\) with \(k_{i}(t)=0\), and matrices \(R_{i}>0\), there exist matrices \(S_{ij}\) (\(i=1,\ldots,N-1\), \(j=i+1,\ldots ,N\)), satisfying \(\bigl [ {\scriptsize\begin{matrix}{} {R_{i}} & {S_{ij}} \cr {\ast} & {R_{j}}\end{matrix}} \bigr ]\geq0\) such that the following inequality holds:
Lemma 2.3
[6]
For any positive semi-definite matrix
the following integral inequality holds:
Lemma 2.4
[7]
Let \(x(t)\in W_{n}[a,b)\). For any matrix \(R>0\), the following inequality holds:
In the sequel, for simplicity, when \(r_{t}=i\), \(\delta_{t}=q\), and \(\ell _{t}=r\), \(C(r_{t})\), \(A(r_{t})\), \(h_{1}(t,\delta_{t})\) and \(h_{2}(t,\ell_{t})\) will be written as \(C_{i}\), \(A_{i}\), \(h_{1q}(t)\) and \(h_{2r}(t)\), respectively.
3 Main results
For the sake of the simplicity of the matrix representation, \(e_{i}\) (\(i=1,\ldots,25\)) are defined as block entry matrices. (For example, \({e_{i}}^{T}=[\underbrace{0,\ldots,0}_{i-1},I,0,\ldots,0]\).) The notations for some matrices and vectors are defined below (see the Appendix).
Now, we have the following result.
Theorem 3.1
For given scalars \(\sigma\geq0\), \(h_{1}\geq0\), \(h_{2}\geq0\), \(\mu_{1}\geq0\), and \(\mu_{2}\geq0\) satisfied (2), \(\alpha\geq 0\), \(\beta\geq0\), \(E_{\alpha}\) and \(E_{\beta}\) satisfies (3), system (1) is globally asymptotically stable, if there exist a constant \(\varepsilon \geq0\), positive definite matrices \(P_{iqr}\in R^{5n\times5n}\), \(R_{1}\in R^{4n\times4n}\), \(R_{2}\in R^{3n\times3n}\), \(R_{3}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(R_{4}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(Q_{i}\in R^{4n\times4n}\) (\(i=1,2,3\)), \(Q_{j}\in R^{3n\times3n}\) (\(j=4,5\)), \(Q_{k}\in R^{2n\times2n}\) (\(k=6,7,8\)), \(S_{q}\in R^{2n\times2n}\) (\(q=1,2,3\)), \(S_{m}\in R^{n\times n}\) (\(m=4,5,\ldots,9\)), and
any appropriately dimensioned matrices \(U_{i}\) (\(i=1,2,3\)), \(T_{j}\) (\(j=1,2,\ldots,5\)), and \(G_{k}\) (\(k=1,2,\ldots,7\)), such that the following LMIs hold for \(i=1,2,\ldots,N_{1}\), \(q=1,2,\ldots,N_{2}\), and \(r=1,2,\ldots,N_{3}\):
and
Proof
Consider the new augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional as follows:
where
When \(r_{t}=i\), \(\delta_{t}=q\), and \(\ell_{t}=r\), the weak infinitesimal operator \(\mathcal{L}\) of the stochastic process \(\{x_{t},r_{t},\delta _{t},\ell_{t}\}\), \(t\geq0\) along system (4) is
Here, it should be noted that
and
Thus, \(\mathcal{L}{V}_{1}\) can be represented as
By calculation of \(\mathcal{L}{V}_{2}\), we have
where \(\zeta_{1}(t)=[x^{T}(t),\dot{x}^{T}(t),0,0]^{T}\).
Using Lemma 2.1 and Lemma 2.3 yields
From (12) to (14), an upper bound of \(\mathcal{L}{V}_{2}\) can be
With the condition of \(\dot{h}_{i}(t)\leq \mu_{i}\) (\(i=1,2\)), an upper bound of \(\mathcal{L}{V}_{3}\) is obtained:
where \(\zeta_{2\mathfrak{h}}(t)=[ \int_{t-\mathfrak {h}}^{t}x^{T}(s)\,ds,x^{T}(t)-x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}),\int_{t-\mathfrak {h}}^{t}\int_{s}^{t}x^{T}(u)\,du\,ds,\mathfrak{h}x^{T}(t)-\int_{t- \mathfrak{h}}^{t}x^{T}(s)\,ds]^{T}\), \(\zeta_{3}(t)=[0,0,x^{T}(t),\dot{x}^{T}(t)]^{T}\), \(\zeta_{4\mathfrak {h}}(t)=[x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}),\dot{x}^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}),\int_{t-\mathfrak {h}}^{t}x^{T}(s)\,ds,x^{T}(t)-x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h})]^{T}\), \(\mathfrak{h}\) represents \(h_{1}\), \(h_{2}\), and h, respectively. \(\zeta_{5\mathcal{h}}(t)=[x^{T}(t-\mathcal{h}),\dot{x}^{T}(t-\mathcal {h}),0]^{T}\), \(\mathcal{h}\) represents \(h_{1}\) and \(h_{2}\), respectively. \(\zeta_{6\mathbb{h}\imath}(t)=[\int_{t-h}^{t-\mathbb {h}}x^{T}(s)\,ds,x^{T}(t-\mathbb{h})-x^{T}(t-h),\imath x^{T}(t-\mathbb{h})-\int _{t-h}^{t-\mathbb{h}}x^{T}(s)\,ds]^{T}\), \(\mathbb{h}\) and ı represents \(h_{1}\) and \(h_{2}\), \(h_{2}\), and \(h_{1}\), respectively. \(\zeta_{7\mathcal{h}}(t)=[0,0,\dot {x}^{T}(t-\mathcal{h})]^{T}\), \(\zeta_{8\mathcal{h}}(t)=[x^{T}(t-h),\dot {x}^{T}(t-h),x^{T}(t-\mathcal{h})-x^{T}(t-h)]^{T}\), \(\zeta_{9}(t)=[x^{T}(t),0]^{T}\), \(\zeta_{10\mathfrak{h}(t)}(t)=[\int _{t-\mathfrak{h}(t)}^{t}x^{T}(s)\,ds,\mathfrak{h}(t)x^{T}(t)-\int_{t-\mathfrak {h}(t)}^{t}x^{T}(s)\,ds]^{T}\), \(\mathfrak{h}(t)\) represents \(h_{1}(t)\), \(h_{2}(t)\), and \(h(t)\), respectively; \(\zeta_{11}(t)=[0,\dot{x}^{T}(t)]^{T}\), \(\zeta_{12\mathfrak {h}(t)}(t)=[x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}(t)),x^{T}(t)-x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}(t))]^{T}\).
Calculation of \(\mathcal{L}{V}_{4}\) and \(\mathcal{L}{V}_{5}\) leads to
By Lemmas 2.1 and 2.2, one can obtain
where \(\zeta_{13\mathfrak{h}(t),\mathfrak{h}}(t)=[\int_{t-\mathfrak {h}(t)}^{t}x^{T}(s)\,ds,x^{T}(t)-x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}(t)),\int_{t-\mathfrak {h}}^{t-\mathfrak{h}(t)}x^{T}(s)\,ds,x^{T}(t-\mathfrak{h}(t))-x^{T}(t-\mathfrak {h})]^{T}\), \(\mathfrak{h}(t)\) and \(\mathfrak{h}\) represent \(h_{1}(t)\) and \(h_{1}\), \(h_{2}(t)\) and \(h_{2}\), \(h(t)\) and h, respectively.
By utilizing Lemma 2.4, it yields
For the time-varying delays and their upper delay bounds we have the following relationship:
We consider two cases: \(h(t)\in[h_{1}(t),h_{1})\) and \(h(t)\in[h_{1},h]\).
Case 1: when \(h(t)\in[h_{1}(t),h_{1})\), by some calculation and using Lemma 2.2 and Lemma 2.4, we have
From (17), (19)-(21), (25)-(28), we can obtain
Case 2: when \(h(t)\in[h_{1},h]\), by using Lemma 2.2, we have
From (17), (19)-(21), (25), (26), (30), (31), we have
Then through (18), (22)-(24), one can obtain
It follows from (3) that, for any \(\varepsilon>0\),
For any appropriately dimensioned matrices \(G_{i}\) (\(i=1,2,\ldots,7\)), the following zero equality holds:
Therefore, from equations (7)-(35), an upper bound of \(\mathcal{L}{V}\) can be written as
From (36), it is clear that \(\Omega_{miqr}(t)\) is a function for \(h_{1}(t)\) and \(h_{2}(t)\), by using a convex polyhedron method, the LMIs described by (5) can guarantee \(\Omega_{miqr}(t)<0\) to be true.
Thus, using Dynkin’s formula, when \(t\geq0\), it can be induced that
where
and \(\Vert \psi \Vert _{\tau}=\max\{ {\sup_{-\tau\leq {s}\leq0}}\Vert x(s) \Vert , {\sup_{-\tau\leq{s}\leq 0}}\Vert \dot{x}(s) \Vert \}\).
Because of the definition of \(\xi^{T}(t)\), we have
where
Applying the integral mean value theorem, there exists \(\eta\in [t,t+1]\), \(\eta=t+\theta\), \(\theta\in[0,1]\), such that
Using the Newton-Leibniz formula, we know
Therefore, the model (1) or (4) has a unique equilibrium point which is globally asymptotically stable. □
Remark 3
In [8], with respect to the discrete time-varying delay \(h(t)\), \(\int_{s}^{t}x(u)\,du\) and \(\int_{s}^{t}\dot{x}(u)\,du\) are included as the element of augmented vector in the integrands. Motivated by this method, in this paper, \(\int_{t-\sigma}^{t}x(s)\,ds\) and \(x(t-\sigma)\) are considered as the elements of augmented vector in \(V_{1}\); in addition, \(\int_{s}^{t}x(u)\,du\) and \(\int_{s}^{t}\dot{x}(u)\,du\) are included in \(V_{2}\).
Remark 4
Different from [33, 34, 38], this article fully considers the relationship between time-varying delays and their upper bounds, different methods are used to enlarge the time-derivative of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional appropriately according to different values of the time delay \(h(t)\). Therefore, this method may lead to less conservative results.
Remark 5
It should be noted that \(V_{3}\) contains the new integral term \(\int_{s}^{t-h_{1}}\dot{x}(u)\,du\) and \(\int_{s}^{t-h_{2}}\dot {x}(u)\,du\) in the integrants and \(h_{2}\int_{t-h}^{t-h_{1}}\int_{\lambda }^{t-h_{1}}\dot{x}^{T}(s)S_{6}\dot{x}(s)\,ds\,d\lambda\) is included in \(V_{4}\). The upper limits of the integral are \('{t-h_{1}}'\) and \('{t-h_{2}}'\), respectively but not \('t'\) and \('t'\); The inner integral upper limits of the double integral is \('{t-h_{1}}'\) but not \('t'\). More information about the lower bound of the \(h_{1}(t)\) and \(h_{2}(t)\) is sufficiently used in the Lyapunov functional (7).
Remark 6
In [7, 20, 29, 37], the reciprocally convex method is usually employed to deal with the case \(N=2\) in Lemma 2.2. In this paper, since the relationship between time-varying delays and their upper bounds is fully considered, in order to deal with the case \(N>2\), Lemma 2.2 is introduced, which extends the reciprocally convex method in [7, 20, 29, 37].
Remark 7
In this paper, the inequality in Lemma 2.4 indicates the relationship between the state and the derivative of state, which is different from the inequalities in [7, 8, 12, 13, 20, 24–29, 36–38]. Both sides of these inequalities are functions regarding to the state.
Remark 8
In [12], Barbalat’s lemma is used to show Theorem 3.1. Different from [12], the integral mean value theorem is adopted in this paper to prove the considered system is globally asymptotically stable.
In the following, we will investigate the stability of delayed Markovian jump neural networks with nonlinear perturbations and unknown parameters. We have
where \(\triangle C(t)\) and \(\triangle A(t)\) are unknown matrices denoting time-varying parameter uncertainties and such that the following condition holds:
where M, \(V_{1}\) and \(V_{2}\) are known constant matrices and \(F(t)\) is the unknown time-varying matrix-value function satisfying
Definition 2
The trivial solution of system (44) is said to be robustly globally asymptotically stable if the trivial solution of the system (44) is globally asymptotically stable for all admissible unknown parameters.
Theorem 3.2
For given scalars \(\sigma\geq0\), \(h_{1}\geq0\), \(h_{2}\geq0\), \(\mu_{1}\geq0\) and \(\mu_{2}\geq0\) satisfied (2), \(\alpha\geq0\), \(\beta\geq0\), \(E_{\alpha}\) and \(E_{\beta}\) satisfied (3), system (44) is robustly globally asymptotically stable, if there exist a constant \(\varepsilon\geq0\), positive definite matrices \(P_{iqr}\in R^{5n\times 5n}\), \(R_{1}\in R^{4n\times4n}\), \(R_{2}\in R^{3n\times3n}\), \(R_{3}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(R_{4}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(Q_{i}\in R^{4n\times4n}\) (\(i=1,2,3\)), \(Q_{j}\in R^{3n\times3n}\) (\(j=4,5\)), \(Q_{k}\in R^{2n\times 2n}\) (\(k=6,7,8\)), \(S_{q}\in R^{2n\times2n}\) (\(q=1,2,3\)), \(S_{m}\in R^{n\times n}\) (\(m=4,5,\ldots,9\)), and
any appropriately dimensioned matrices \(U_{i}\) (\(i=1,2,3\)), \(T_{j}\) (\(j=1,2,\ldots,5\)) and \(G_{k}\) (\(k=1,2,\ldots,7\)), such that the following LMIs hold for \(i=1,2,\ldots,N_{1}\), \(q=1,2,\ldots ,N_{2}\), and \(r=1,2,\ldots,N_{3}\):
and
where
with the other elements the same as in Theorem 3.1.
Proof
Consider the same Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional as in Theorem 3.1. Now replacing \(C_{i}\) and \(A_{i}\) in (35) with \(C_{i}+\triangle C(t)\) and \(A_{i}+\triangle A(t)\), we can have
To this end, we have
Similarly, one can show that
Then along the same line as for Theorem 3.1, we can obtain the desired result by applying the Schur complement lemma. This completes the proof of Theorem 3.2. □
Next, we consider the case that the system (1) without Markovian jumping parameters and \(h(t)=h\), then the system (1) can be rewritten as
For system (48), we have following result.
Corollary 3.1
For given scalars \(\sigma\geq0\), \(h\geq0\), \(\alpha\geq0\), \(\beta\geq0\), \(E_{\alpha}\), and \(E_{\beta}\), system (48) is globally asymptotically stable, if there exist a constant \(\varepsilon \geq0\), positive definite matrices \(P\in R^{5n\times5n}\), \(R_{1}\in R^{4n\times4n}\), \(R_{2}\in R^{3n\times3n}\), \(R_{3}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(R_{4}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(Q_{1}\in R^{4n\times4n}\), \(Q_{2}\in R^{2n\times 2n}\), \(S_{1}\in R^{2n\times2n}\), \(S_{2}\in R^{n\times n}\), \(S_{3}\in R^{n\times n}\), and
any appropriately dimensioned matrices \(G_{k}\) (\(k=1,2,\ldots,7\)), such that the following LMIs hold:
where
Remark 9
Compared to [12], in this paper, the augmented vector \(\xi(t)\) has integrating terms \(\int_{t-h}^{t}x(s)\,ds\), \(\int _{t-\sigma}^{t}\int_{s}^{t}x(u)\,du\,ds\), and \(\int_{t-h}^{t}\int _{s}^{t}x(u)\,du\,ds\), by these terms, more information on the states is utilized in the criterion presented in Theorem 3.1, which may lead to a superior result.
4 Numerical examples
In this section, two numerical examples are introduced (by using MATLAB) to show the effectiveness and the smaller conservativeness of our results.
Example 4.1
Consider the neural networks (48) with the parameters
where \(h\geq0\), \(\sigma\geq0\) and \(\lambda>0\) are some real constants.
When \(h=0\), the maximum leakage delay bounds for guaranteeing the global stability of system (48) with different λ are listed in Table 1 including the results of [10, 12] and our methods. In addition, for given σ and λ (or h and λ), the upper bounds of h (or σ) are listed in Tables 2 and 3. Meanwhile, the comparisons with the results obtained by the criterion in [12] are given. It follows from Corollary 3.1, that the system (48) is globally asymptotically stable, let \(f=0.2[x_{1}(t-h),x_{2}(t-h)]^{T}\), then the simulations of state responses for system (48) with different h, σ, and λ are depicted in Figure 1.
State trajectories of system ( 42 ) with different τ , σ and λ .
Example 4.2
Consider the neural networks (1) without Markovian jumping parameters
For this system, by solving the LMIs in Theorem 3.1, the maximum value of upper delay bound \(h_{1}\) and \(h_{2}\) can be obtained, which are listed in Tables 4 and 5. Figure 2 shows the state trajectory for different σ with initial state \([0.5, 0.7]^{T}\) and \([0.5, -0.7]^{T}\), respectively.
Example 4.3
Consider the neural networks (1) with the parameters
Here, the Markov chains are generated by \(\Pi=\bigl [{\scriptsize\begin{matrix}{} -6 & 6\cr 6 & -6\end{matrix}} \bigr ]\), \(P=\bigl [ {\scriptsize\begin{matrix}{} -4 & 4\cr 5 & -5\end{matrix}} \bigr ]\), \(L=\bigl [ {\scriptsize\begin{matrix}{} -7 & 7\cr 7 & -7\end{matrix}} \bigr ]\), and \(\triangle=0.01\), which is shown in Figure 3. Let \(f=0.2[x_{1}(t-h_{qr}(t)),x_{2}(t-h_{qr}(t))]^{T}\), the time delay is considered as \(h_{1}(t,\delta_{t}=1)=1+\sin t\), \(h_{1}(t,\delta_{t}=2)=0.5+0.5\cos t\), \(h_{2}(t,\ell_{t}=1)=0.2+0.2\sin t\), and \(h_{2}(t,\ell_{t}=2)=0.25+0.25\cos t\), we can obtain \(h_{1}(t)=1.5+0.5\sin t\) and \(h_{2}(t)=0.55+0.25\cos t\), therefore, \(h_{1}=2\), \(h_{2}=0.8\), \(\mu_{1}=0.5\) and \(\mu_{2}=0.25\). Figures 4-6 depict the states trajectories of the system (1) with different values of σ, which indicates the sensitiveness of neural networks due to the time delay in the leakage term.
State trajectories of system ( 1 ) with \(\pmb{\sigma=0.1}\) .
State trajectories of system ( 1 ) with \(\pmb{\sigma=0.4}\) .
State trajectories of system ( 1 ) with \(\pmb{\sigma=0.8}\) .
5 Conclusions
In this paper, based on the extended Wirtinger inequality and the reciprocally convex method, the robust stability problem for Markovian jump neural networks with leakage delay, two additive time-varying delays, and nonlinear perturbations have been investigated. The Markovian jumping parameters in the connection weight matrices and each of the two additive discrete delays are assumed to be different in the system model. Accordingly, a weak infinitesimal operator acting on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is first proposed. The relationship between time-varying delays and their upper delay bounds is efficiently utilized to estimate the time-derivative of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, which shows that more information of the lower and upper delay bounds of time-varying delays can be used. By constructing a newly augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using the convex polyhedron method, several sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee the stability of the proposed model for all admissible parameter uncertainties. Numerical examples and their simulations are given to show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method. In future work, we will study the state estimation, \(H_{\infty}\) performance, and passivity analysis of the proposed model.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61273015), the key Project of Auhui Province Universities and Colleges Natural Science Foundation (No. KJ2016A553) and the China Scholarship Council (CSC).
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Ren, J., Zhu, H., Zhong, S. et al. Robust stability of uncertain Markovian jump neural networks with mode-dependent time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations. Adv Differ Equ 2016, 327 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-016-1021-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-016-1021-1