Retraction Note: J Inflamm 12, 27 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-015-0074-3
The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the data presented in the figures, specifically:
-
Fig. 1c appears highly similar to Fig. 1c of [1], Fig. 1b of [2] and Fig. 1c of [3].
-
Fig. 1f appears highly similar to Fig. 1f of [3].
-
Fig. 1c also appears highly similar to 1b in [4].
-
The b-actin blots across all figures appear highly similar (rotated in Fig. 4), although they represent different groups.
-
The b-actin blots also appear highly similar to b-actin in Fig. 3 and GAPDH in Fig. 4 of [5].
-
Sham data are not presented in Figs. 2-4.
-
SAH+V image is not included in Fig. 2.
-
The error bars in the graphs appear unusually consistent.
The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the presented data.
None of the authors have responded to any correspondence from the publisher about this retraction.
References
Chang CZ, Wu SC, Kwan AL, et al. Magnesium lithospermate B alleviates the production of endothelin-1 through an NO-dependent mechanism and reduces experimental vasospasm in rats. Acta Neurochir. 2011;153:2211–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-011-1082-6.
Chang CZ, Wu SC, and Kwan AL. Magnesium lithospermate B, an active extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, mediates sGC/cGMP/PKG translocation in experimental vasospasm. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:272101. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/272101.
Chang CZ, Wu SC, Chang CM, et al. Arctigenin, a potent ingredient of Arctium lappa L., induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase and attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm through PI3K/Akt pathway in a rat model. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:490209. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/490209.
Chang CZ, Lin CL, Kassel NF, et al. 6-Mercaptopurine attenuates adhesive molecules in experimental vasospasm. Acta Neurochir. 2010;152:861–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-010-0602-0.
Chang CZ, Lin CL, Wu SC, and Kwan AL. Purpurogallin, a natural phenol, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 in subarachnoid Hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model. Int J Vasc Med. 2014;2014:254270. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/254270.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, CZ., Wu, SC., Lin, CL. et al. Retraction Note: Valproic acid attenuates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin through a chemokine ligand 5 dependent mechanism and subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model. J Inflamm 20, 45 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-023-00370-x
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-023-00370-x