Correction: Nutr J 22, 46 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in data extraction. This error affected some cancer-related results, however the conclusions and key findings remain unchanged after the error was corrected.
Specifically, relative risks extracted from Fraser (1999) [2] were misinterpreted. The title of Table 7 by Fraser is “Incidence and relative risk of common cancers in Seventh-day Adventist vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians”, suggests that the associations are for vegetarians, using the non-vegetarians as the comparison group, but the text in the Results section suggests the opposite. The authors regret not reading the text carefully.
All changes before and after the correction are presented in Table 1. The section of the content of the updated manuscript are also included.
The original Table 1, Figure 4, Supplementary Figure S2, S6, S8, S11–S12 are updated, and the original and corrected table and figures are presented below.
Original Table 1
Relative Risk (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Study estimates, No. | Inverse-Variance Fixed-Effects Meta-analysis | Random-Effects Meta-analysis | I2, % | P value for Heterogeneity Between Subgroups |
Cancer | |||||
Main estimate | 32 | 0.91 (0.88-0.93) | 0.91 (0.86-0.95) | 47.5 | - |
Age, y | 0.08 | ||||
<55 | 14 | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | 0.97 (0.89-1.05) | 53.1 | |
≥55 | 16 | 0.91 (0.87-0.94) | 0.88 (0.82-0.94) | 50.2 | |
Sex | 0.29 | ||||
Studies among males only | 5 | 0.89 (0.84-0.95) | 0.83 (0.70-0.98) | 75.3 | |
Studies among females only | 12 | 0.90 (0.86-0.94) | 0.90 (0.86-0.94) | 0 | |
Studies among males and females | 15 | 0.92 (0.88-0.93) | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) | 55.4 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 0.51 | ||||
<25 | 12 | 0.90 (0.87-0.94) | 0.90 (0.87-0.94) | 0 | |
≥25 | 19 | 0.92 (0.89-0.95) | 0.94 (0.87-1.01) | 60.0 | |
Region | 0.76 | ||||
North America | 20 | 0.91 (0.88-0.94) | 0.92 (0.85-0.99) | 63.5 | |
Europe | 12 | 0.91 (0.87-0.95) | 0.91 (0.86-0.95) | 0 | |
Asia/Australia | - | - | - | - | - |
Dietary classification | 0.35 | ||||
Vegan or vegetarian diets | 16 | 0.93 (0.87-0.99) | 0.96 (0.85-1.07) | 53.2 | |
A priori-defined PDI | 16 | 0.91 (0.88-0.93) | 0.90 (0.85-0.94) | 43.0 | |
Follow-up duration, y | 0.08 | ||||
<15 | 15 | 0.93 (0.89-0.97) | 0.97 (0.88-1.06) | 60.7 | |
≥15 | 17 | 0.89 (0.86-0.93) | 0.88 (0.84-0.93) | 23.4 | |
Main estimate | 32 | 0.90 (0.87-0.92) | 0.88 (0.85-0.92) | 29.0 | - |
Age, y | 0.86 | ||||
<55 | 14 | 0.88 (0.85-0.92) | 0.88 (0.85-0.92) | 0 | |
≥55 | 16 | 0.91 (0.87-0.94) | 0.88 (0.82-0.94) | 50.2 | |
Sex | 0.40 | ||||
Studies among males only | 5 | 0.89 (0.84-0.95) | 0.83 (0.70-0.98) | 75.3 | |
Studies among females only | 12 | 0.90 (0.86-0.94) | 0.90 (0.86-0.94) | 0 | |
Studies among males and females | 15 | 0.89 (0.86-0.93) | 0.87 (0.82-0.92) | 18.5 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 0.51 | ||||
<25 | 12 | 0.90 (0.87-0.94) | 0.90 (0.87-0.94) | 0 | |
≥25 | 19 | 0.89 (0.86-0.93) | 0.87 (0.81-0.92) | 41.0 | |
Region | 0.39 | ||||
North America | 20 | 0.89 (0.85-0.92) | 0.86 (0.81-0.91) | 47.7 | |
Europe | 12 | 0.91 (0.87-0.95) | 0.91 (0.86-0.95) | 0 | |
Asia/Australia | - | - | - | - | - |
Dietary classification | 0.14 | ||||
Vegan or vegetarian diets | 16 | 0.85 (0.80-0.91) | 0.85 (0.80-0.91) | 0 | |
A priori-defined PDI | 16 | 0.91 (0.88-0.93) | 0.90 (0.85-0.94) | 43.0 | |
Follow-up duration, y | 0.98 | ||||
<15 | 15 | 0.90 (0.86-0.94) | 0.87 (0.81-0.94) | 38.2 | |
≥15 | 17 | 0.89 (0.86-0.93) | 0.88 (0.84-0.93) | 23.4 | |
Acknowledgement
We thank Ms. Esther Farley for identifying the error which leads to this timely correction.
References
Wang Y, Liu B, Han H, et al. Associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2023;22:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2.
Fraser GE. Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(3):532s–8s. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.3.532s.
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Wang, Y., Liu, B., Han, H. et al. Correction: Associations Between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risks of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nutr J 23, 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00891-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00891-4