Hajian T, Tilaki KO, Heidari B: Prevalence of obesity, central obesity and the associated factors in urban population aged 20 to70 years, in the north of Iran: a population based study and regression approach. Obes Rev 2007, 8(1):3–10. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00235.x
Article
Google Scholar
Hossain P, Kawar B, El NM: Obesity and diabetes in the developing world-a growing challenge. N Engl J Med 2007, 356: 973.
Article
Google Scholar
James W: WHO recognition of the global obesity epidemic. Inter J obes 2008, 32: S120-S126.
Article
Google Scholar
Heaney RP: Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 80(6):1706.
Google Scholar
Holick MF: Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007, 357(3):266–281. 10.1056/NEJMra070553
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maxwell CS, Wood RJ: Update on vitamin D and type 2 diabetes. Nutr Rev 2011, 69(5):291–295. 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00393.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scragg R, Sowers MF, Bell C: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens 2007, 20(7):713–719. 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.01.017
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, et al.: Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008, 117(4):503. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holick MF: High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc 2006, 81(3):353–373. 10.4065/81.3.353
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moradzadeh K, Larijani B, Keshtkar A, Hossein-Nezhad A, Rajabian R, Nabipour I, et al.: Normative values of vitamin D among Iranian population: a population based study. International Journal of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disorders 2008, 1(1):8–15. 10.3923/ijom.2008.8.15
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Zamboni G, Soffiati M, Giavarina D, Tato L: Mineral metabolism in obese children. Acta Paediatr 1988, 77(5):741–746. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10740.x
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Liel Y, Ulmer E, Shary J, Hollis BW, Bell NH: Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. Calcif Tissue Int 1988, 43(4):199–201. 10.1007/BF02555135
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bell NH, Epstein S, Greene A, Shary J, Oexmann MJ, Shaw S: Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. J Clin Invest 1985, 76(1):370. 10.1172/JCI111971
PubMed Central
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Looker AC: Body fat and vitamin D status in black versus white women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90(2):635.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kamycheva E, Sundsfjord J, Jorde R: Serum parathyroid hormone level is associated with body mass index. The 5th Tromso study. Eur J Endocrinol 2004, 151(2):167. 10.1530/eje.0.1510167
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arunabh S, Pollack S, Yeh J, Aloia JF: Body fat content and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88(1):157. 10.1210/jc.2002-020978
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aasheim ET, Hofs D, Hjelmesth J, Birkeland KI, B hmer T: Vitamin status in morbidly obese patients: a cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87(2):362–369.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu E, Meigs JB, Pittas AG, McKeown NM, Economos CD, Booth SL, et al.: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with markers of the insulin resistant phenotype in nondiabetic adults. J Nutr 2009, 139(2):329.
PubMed Central
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cigolini M, Iagulli MP, Miconi V, Galiotto M, Lombardi S, Targher G: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and prevalence of cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006, 29(3):722–724. 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-2148
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Foss Y: Vitamin D deficiency is the cause of common obesity. Med Hypotheses 2009, 72(3):314–321. 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.10.005
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hashemipour S, Larijani B, Adibi H, Sedaghat M, Pajouhi M, Bastan-Hagh MH, et al.: The status of biochemical parameters in varying degrees of vitamin D deficiency. J Bone Miner Metab 2006, 24(3):213–218. 10.1007/s00774-005-0674-8
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hashemipour S, Larijani B, Adibi H, Javadi E, Sedaghat M, Pajouhi M, et al.: Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran. BMC Publ Health 2004, 4(1):38. 10.1186/1471-2458-4-38
Article
Google Scholar
Hey H, Stokholm K, Lund B, S Rensen O: Vitamin D deficiency in obese patients and changes in circulating vitamin D metabolites following jejunoileal bypass. Int J Obes 1982, 6(5):473.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shi H, Norman AW, Okamura WH, Sen A, Zemel MB: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates human adipocyte metabolism via nongenomic action. FASEB J 2001, 15(14):2751–2753.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zemel MB, Shi H, Greer B, Dirienzo D, Zemel PC: Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J 2000, 14(9):1132.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF: Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72(3):690.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blum M, Dolnikowski G, Seyoum E, Harris SS, Booth SL, Peterson J, et al.: Vitamin D 3 in fat tissue. Endocrine 2008, 33(1):90–94. 10.1007/s12020-008-9051-4
PubMed Central
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rodr-guez-Rodr-guez E, Navia B, Lpez-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM: Vitamin D in overweight/obese women and its relationship with dietetic and anthropometric variables. Obesity 2009, 17(4):778–782. 10.1038/oby.2008.649
Article
Google Scholar
McGill AT, Stewart JM, Lithander FE, Strik CM, Poppitt SD: Relationships of low serum vitamin D. Nutr J 2008, 7: 4. 10.1186/1475-2891-7-4
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pacifico L, Ananian C, Osborn JF, Ferraro F, Bonci E, Olivero E, et al.: Low 25(OH)D3 level are associated with total adiposity, metabolic syndrom, and hypertension in Caucasian children and adolescents. Eur J Endocrinol 2011, 165: 603–611. 10.1530/EJE-11-0545
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zittermann A: Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence? Br J Nutr 2003, 89(5):552–572. 10.1079/BJN2003837
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alagol F, Shihadeh Y, Boztepe H, et al.: Sunlight exposure and vitamin D in Turkish women. J Endocrinol Invest 2000, 23: 173–177.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goswami R, Gupta D, Goswami D, Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Kochupillai N: Hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy subjects in Delhi. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72(3):472–475.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Molla AM, Al Badawi M, Hammoud MS, et al.: Vitamin D status of mothers and their neonates in Kuwait. Pediatr Inter 2005, 47: 649–652. 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2005.02141.x
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Sachan A, Gupta R, Das V, Agarwal A, Awasthi PK, Bhatia V: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in northern India. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81(5):1060.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ochs-Balcom HM, Cicek MS, Thompson CL, Tucker TC, Elston RC, J Plummer S, et al.: Association of vitamin D receptor gene variants, adiposity and colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29(9):1788. 10.1093/carcin/bgn166
PubMed Central
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ruderman N, Chisholm D, Pi-Sunyer X, Schneider S: The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes 1998, 47(5):699. 10.2337/diabetes.47.5.699
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zemel MB: Regulation of adiposity and obesity risk By dietary calcium: mechanisms and implications. J Am Coll Nutr 2002, 21(2):146–151.
Article
Google Scholar
Dullo AG, Samec S: Uncoupling proteins:Do they have a role in body wieght regulation? New Physiol Sci 2000, 15: 313–318.
Google Scholar
Wong KE, Szeto FL, Zhang W, Ye H, Kong J, Zhang Z, et al.: Involvement of the vitamin D receptor in energy metabolism: regulation of uncoupling proteins. Am J Physiol Endocrinol 2009, 296(8):820–828.
Article
Google Scholar