Skip to main content
Log in

The augmented service offering for perceived and actual service quality

  • Published:
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the augmented service offering model is a popular descriptive paradigm in marketing, little research has been done to empirically test its relationships with service quality in the service industries. The augmented service offering includes the core services and peripheral services offered by the firm, the service delivery system used to deliver these services, and the related promotional communications with customers. The present research investigates the relationships between these elements of the augmented service offering on one hand, and both measures of actual objective service quality and customerperceived service quality on the other. In general, the results imply the importance of a consumer behavior focus for managing, modeling, or doing research on the augmented service offering. The results also strongly support contingency theory, in that augmented service dynamics and managerial recommendations depend on whether objective service quality or customer-perceived service quality is being considered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andreasen, Alan R. 1977. “A Taxonomy of Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Measures.”Journal of Consumer Affairs 11 (Winter): 11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Assmus, Gert, John U. Farley, and Donald R. Lehmann. 1984. “How Advertising Affects Sales: Meta-Analysis of Econometric Results.”Journal of Marketing Research 21 (February): 65–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, John E. G. 1985. “Perceived Control and the Service Encounter.” InThe Service Encounter. Eds. John A. Czepiel, Michael R. Solomon, and Carol F. Surprenant. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 67–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bateson, John E. G. and M.K.H. Hui. 1987. “Perceived Control as a Crucial Perceptual Dimension of the Service Experience: An Experimental Study.” InAdd Value to Your Service. Ed. Carol F. Surprenant. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 190–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bearden, William O. and Jesse E. Teel. 1983. “Selected Determinants of Consumer Satisfaction and Complaint Reports.”Journal of Marketing Research 20 (February): 21–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitner, Mary Jo, Bernard M. Booms, and Mary S. Tetreault. 1990. “The Service Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents.”Journal of Marketing 54 (January): 71–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, Ruth N. and Randall G. Chapman. 1989. “The Structure of Customer Complaint Behavior in the Airline Industry.” InAcademy of Marketing Science Conference Proceedings, Coral Gables, FL, 546–551.

  • Bolton, Ruth N. and James H. Drew. 1991. “A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Service Changes on Customer Attitudes.”Journal of Marketing 55 (January): 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Stephen W. and Teresa A. Swartz. 1989. “A Gap Analysis of Professional Service Quality.”Journal of Marketing 53 (April): 92–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlzon, J. 1987.Moments of Truth. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, Daryl G. 1976. “Econometric Measurement of the Duration of Advertising Effect on Sales.”Journal of Marketing Research 13 (November): 345–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, Larry F. and Richard Brand. 1989. “Evaluating the Effectiveness of DOT’s Air Travel Consumer Report.”Transportation Quarterly 43 (October): 591–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, Ralph L. and E. Laird Landon, Jr. 1977. “Toward a Theory of Consumer Complaining Behavior.” InConsumer and Industrial Buying Behavior. Eds. Arch Woodside, Jagdish Sheth, and Peter Bennett. New York: Elsevier North-Holland, 425–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodds, William B. and Kent B. Monroe. 1985. “The Effect of Brand and Price Information on Subjective Product Evaluations.” InAdvances in Consumer Research. Vol. 12. Eds. Elizabeth C. Hirschman and Morris B. Holbrook. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, George W. and James C. Miller III. 1974.Economic Regulation of Domestic Air Transport: Theory and Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Droge, Cornelia and Diane Halstead. 1991. “Postpurchase Hierarchies of Effects: The Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction for Complainers versus Non-Complainers.”International Journal of Research in Marketing 8: 315–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, Peter. 1993. “Activity-Based Accounting.”Boardroom Reports (June 1).

  • Drury, Colon. 1989. “Activity-Based Costing.”Management Accounting 67 (September): 60–63, 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eads, George, Marc Nerlove, and William Raduchel. 1969. “A Long-Run Cost Function for the Local Service Airline Industry: An Experiment in Non-Linear Estimation.”The Review of Economics and Statistics 51: 258–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garvin, David A. 1983. “Quality on the Line.”Harvard Business Review 61 (September–October): 65–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— 1987. “Competing on the Eight Dimensions of Quality.”Harvard Business Review 65 (November–December): 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gronroos, Christian. 1978. “A Service-Oriented Approach to Marketing of Services.”European Journal of Marketing 12: 588–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1984. “A Service Quality Model and Its Marketing Implications.”European Journal of Marketing 18: 36–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1989. “A Relationship Approach to the Marketing Function in Service Contexts: The Marketing and Organizational Behavior Interface.”Journal of Business Research 20(1): 3–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1990.Service Management and Marketing. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halstead, Diane Marie. 1990. “Variations in Consumer Postpurchase Responses: The Effects of Satisfaction Level and Complaining Behavior.” Dissertation. Michigan State University.

  • Jacoby, Jacob and Jerry C. Olson, Eds. 1985.Perceived Quality. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeans, Mike and Michael Morrow. 1989. “The Practicalities of Using Activity-Based Costing.”Management Accounting 67 (November): 42–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler, Philip. 1976.Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control. Third Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer, Elizabeth and S. Saegert. 1977. “Crowding and Cognitive Control.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35: 175–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, Lars L., Robert S. Bussom, William Vicars, and Lawrence Jauch. 1986. “Proactive versus Reactive Manager: Is the Dichotomy Realistic?”Journal of Management Studies 23 (July): 385–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Moonkyu. 1989. “Contingency Approach to Strategies for Service Firms.”Journal of Business Research 19 (December): 293–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, Theodore. 1981. “Marketing Intangible Products and Product Intangibles.”Harvard Business Review 59 (May–June): 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Robert C. and Bernard H. Booms. 1983. “The Marketing Aspects of Service Quality.” InEmerging Perspectives on Services Marketing. Eds. Leonard L. Berry, G. Lynn Shostack, and Gregory D. Upah. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovelock, Christopher H. 1983. “Classifying Services to Gain Strategic Marketing Insights.”Journal of Marketing 47 (Summer): 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maister, David H. 1985. “The Psychology of Waiting Lines.” InThe Service Encounter. Eds. John A. Czepiel, Michael R. Solomon, and Carol F. Surprenant. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 113–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neter, John, William Wasserman, and Michael H. Kutner. 1985.Applied Linear Models. Second Edition. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Normann, Richard. 1984.Service Management: Strategy and Leadership in Service Businesses. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozment, John and Douglas N. Chard. 1986. “Effects of Customer Service Variables on Sales: An Analysis of Historical Data.”International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management 16: 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parasuraman, A., Valarie A. Zeithaml, and Leonard L. Berry. 1985. “A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research.”Journal of Marketing 49 (Fall): 41–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, J. J. and B. G. Dale. 1988. “Quality Costs: A Critique of Some Economic Cost of Quality Models.”International Journal of Production Research 26 (November): 1713–1726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stalk, George, Jr. and Thomas M. Hout. 1990.Competing against Time: How Time-Based Competition Is Reshaping Global Markets. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, Teresa A. and Stephen W. Brown. 1989. “Consumer and Provider Expectations and Experiences in Evaluating Professional Service Quality.”Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 17 (Spring): 189–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Transportation. 1993a.Air Carrier Financial Statistics Quarterly. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Airline Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1993b.Air Carrier Traffic Statistics Monthly. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Airline Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1993c.Air Travel Consumer Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Consumer Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, Valarie A. 1988. “Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence.”Journal of Marketing 52 (July): 2–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, Valarie A., Leonard L. Berry, and A. Parasuraman. 1988. “Communication and Control Processes in the Delivery of Service Quality.”Journal of Marketing 52 (April): 35–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, Valarie A., Leonard L. Berry, and A. Parasuraman. 1993. “The Nature and Determinants of Customer Expectations of Service.”Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 21 (Winter): 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

He received B.S., B.A., and M.B.A. degrees from the University of Tulsa and his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota (1984). His articles have appeared in such publications as theEuropean Journal of Marketing, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, andTransportation Practitioners’ Journal. His research interests include the behavior of costs and revenues in the airline and railroad industries and the marketing of services.

He holds a B.A. in economics from Northeastern University and M.B.A. and doctorate degrees from the University of Maryland. In addition to his academic career, Morash has worked for the U.S. Department of Transportation and has held a number of positions in industry. He has published extensively in journals such as theTransportation Journal, Land Economics, theLogistics and Transportation Review, theJournal of Business Logistics, Transportation Quarterly, theJournal of Economics and Business, andABACUS. His current research interests include transportation and logistics, channels of distribution, customer service, services marketing, and industrial organization.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ozment, J., Morash, E.A. The augmented service offering for perceived and actual service quality. JAMS 22, 352–363 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394224004

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394224004

Keywords

Navigation