Skip to main content
Log in

ESPResSo 4.0 – an extensible software package for simulating soft matter systems

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal Special Topics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

ESPResSo is an extensible simulation package for research on soft matter. This versatile molecular dynamics program was originally developed for coarse-grained simulations of charged systems [H.J. Limbach et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 174, 704 (2006)]. The scope of the software has since broadened considerably: ESPResSo can now be used to simulate systems with length scales spanning from the molecular to the colloidal. Examples include, self-propelled particles in active matter, membranes in biological systems, and the aggregation of soot particles in process engineering. ESPResSo also includes solvers for hydrodynamic and electrokinetic problems, both on the continuum and on the explicit particle level. Since our last description of version 3.1 [A. Arnold et al., Meshfree methods for partial di_erential equations VI, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. Eng. 89, 1 (2013)], the software has undergone considerable restructuring. The biggest change is the replacement of the Tcl scripting interface with a much more powerful Python interface. In addition, many new simulation methods have been implemented. In this article, we highlight the changes and improvements made to the interface and code, as well as the new simulation techniques that enable a user of ESPResSo 4.0 to simulate physics that is at the forefront of soft matter research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P.G. de Gennes, Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 645 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Doi, Soft matter physics (Oxford University Press, Hardcover, 2013)

  3. J.-L. Barrat, J.-P. Hansen, Basic concepts fo simple and complex liquids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003)

  4. M. Doi, S.F. Edwards, in The theory of polymer dynamics (Oxford University Press, 1988), Vol. 73

  5. M. Rubinstein, R.H. Colby, Polymer physics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2003)

  6. E.J. Verwey, J.T.G. Overbeek, Theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1948)

  7. H. Löwen, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, R415 (2001)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Chandrasekhar, Liquid crystals (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992)

  9. I.V. Hamley, Introduction to soft matter (Wiley, Chichester, 2003)

  10. P. Nelson, Biological physics – energy, information, life (Freeman, New York, 2004)

  11. I. Levental, P.C. Georges, P.A. Janmey, Soft Matter 3, 299 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Ubbink, A. Burbidge, R. Mezzenga, Soft Matter 4, 1569 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Polarz, M. Antonietti, Chem. Commun. 22, 2593 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Kroy, E. Frey, Ann. Phys. 14, 20 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Frenkel, Science 296, 65 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. U. Seifert, Rep. Progr. Phys. 75, 126001 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.E. Cates, Rep. Progr. Phys. 75, 042601 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. É. Fodor, M. Marchetti, Physica A 504, 106 (2018)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. B.J. Alder, T.E. Wainwright, J. Chem. Phys. 27, 1208 (1957)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Alder, T. Wainwright, Phys. Rev. 127, 359 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Pusey, W.C. Poon, S. Ilett, P. Bartlett, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, A29 (1994)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. M.A. Bates, D. Frenkel, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6193 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. van Roij, M. Dijkstra, J.-P. Hansen, Phys. Rev. E 59, 2010 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M.E. Leunissen, C.G. Christova, A.P. Hynninen, C.P. Royall, A.I. Campbell, A. Imhof, M. Dijkstra, R. van Roij, A. van Blaaderen, Nature 437, 235 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. P.J. Camp, J.C. Shelley, G.N. Patey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 115 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Z. Wang, C. Holm, H.W. Müller, Phys. Rev. E 66, 021405 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. S.H.L. Klapp, M. Schoen, J. Mol. Liq. 109, 55 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Klinkigt, R. Weeber, S. Kantorovich, C. Holm, Soft Matter 9, 3535 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. M.J. Stevens, K. Kremer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2228 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. A.V. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, S.P. Obukhov, Macromolecules 29, 2974 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. U. Micka, C. Holm, K. Kremer, Langmuir 15, 4033 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. H.J. Limbach, C. Holm, K. Kremer, Europhys. Lett. 60, 566 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Schneider, P. Linse, Eur. Phys. J. E 8, 457 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Q. Yan, J.J. de Pablo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 018301 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. B.A. Mann, R. Everaers, C. Holm, K. Kremer, Europhys. Lett. 67, 786 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. R. Weeber, S. Kantorovich, C. Holm, Soft Matter 8, 9923 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Weeber, M. Hermes, A.M. Schmidt, C. Holm, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 30, 063002 (2018)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. S.J. Plimpton, J. Comput. Phys. 117, 1 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. H.V. Guzman, H. Kobayashi, N. Tretyakov, A.C. Fogarty, J. Krajniak, C. Junghans, K. Kremer, T. Stuehn, arXiv:1806.10841 (2018)

  40. H.J.C. Berendsen, D. van der Spoel, R. van Drunen, Comput. Phys. Commun. 91, 43 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. D. van der Spoel, E. Lindahl, B. Hess, G. Groenhof, A.E. Mark, H.J.C. Berendsen, J. Comput. Chem. 26, 1701 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Pronk, S. Páll, R. Schulz, P. Larsson, P. Bjelkmar, R. Apostolov, M.R. Shirts, J.C. Smith, P.M. Kasson, D. van der Spoel, B. Hess, E. Lindahl, Bioinformatics 29, 845 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Nelson, W. Humphrey, A. Gursoy, A. Dalke, L. Kale, R.D. Skeel, K. Schulten, Int. J. Supercomput. Appl. 10, 251 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  44. J.C. Phillips, R. Braun, W. Wang, J. Gumbart, E. Tajkhorshid, E. Villa, C. Chipot, R.D. Skeel, L. Kale, K. Schulten, J. Comput. Chem. 26, 1781 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. J.C. Phillips, J.E. Stone, K.L. Vandivort, T.G. Armstrong, J.M. Wozniak, M. Wilde, K. Schulten, in Proceedings of the 1st first workshop for high performance technical computing in dynamic languages (IEEE Press, New York, 2014), p. 6

  46. D.A. Pearlman, D.A. Case, J.W. Caldwell, W.R. Ross, I.T.E. Cheatham, S. DeBolt, D. Ferguson, G. Seibel, P. Kollman, Comput. Phys. Commun. 91, 1 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. D.A. Case, T.E. Cheatham, T. Darden, H. Gohlke, R. Luo, K.M. Merz, A. Onufriev, C. Simmerling, B. Wang, R. Woods, J. Comput. Chem. 26, 1668 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. A. Arnold, O. Lenz, S. Kesselheim, R. Weeber, F. Fahrenberger, D. Röhm, P. Košovan, C. Holm, in Meshfree methods for partial differential equations VI, Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, edited by M. Griebel, M.A. Schweitzer(Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2013), Vol. 89, pp. 1–23

  49. M. Deserno, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 7678 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Deserno, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 7694 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Arnold, C. Holm, Comput. Phys. Commun. 148, 327 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Arnold, C. Holm, Chem. Phys. Lett. 354, 324 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. A. Arnold, J. de Joannis, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2496 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Arnold, J. de Joannis, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 2503 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. A. Arnold, C. Holm, in Advanced computer simulation approaches for soft matter sciences II, Advances in polymer sciences, edited by C. Holm, K. Kremer (Springer, Berlin, 2005), p. 59–109

  56. A. Arnold, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 144103 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. Arnold, B.A. Mann, C. Holm, in Computer simulations in Condensed Matter: from Materials to Chemical Biology, Lecture Notes in Physics, edited by M. Ferrario, G. Ciccotti, K. Binder (Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2006), p. 193–222

  58. S. Tyagi, A. Arnold, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 154723 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. S. Tyagi, A. Arnold, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 204102 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. C. Tyagi, M. Süzen, M. Sega, M. Barbosa, S.S. Kantorovich, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 132, 154112 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. A. Arnold, K. Breitsprecher, F. Fahrenberger, S. Kesselheim, O. Lenz, C. Holm, Entropy 15, 4569 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. F. Fahrenberger, C. Holm, Phys. Rev. E 90, 063304 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. L.P. Fischer, T. Peter, C. Holm, J. de Graaf, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 084107 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. de Graaf, T. Peter, L.P. Fischer, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 084108 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. J. de Graaf, H. Menke, A.J. Mathijssen, M. Fabritius, C. Holm, T.N. Shendruk, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 134106 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. J. de Graaf, A.J. Mathijssen, M. Fabritius, H. Menke, C. Holm, T.N. Shendruk, Soft Matter 12, 4704 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. G. Inci, A. Arnold, A. Kronenburg, R. Weeber, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 48, 842 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. G. Inci, A. Kronenburg, R. Weeber, D. Pflüger, Flow, Turbul. Combust. 98, 1065 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. C. Schober, D. Keerl, M.J. Lehmann, M. Mehl, in Proceedings of the VII international conference on coupled problems in science and engineering, edited by M. Papadrakakis, E. Oñate, B. Schrefler (International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2016)

  70. D. Röhm, A. Arnold, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 210, 89 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. I. Cimrák, M. Gusenbauer, T. Schrefl, Comput. Math. Appl. 64, 278 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  72. I. Cimrak, M. Gusenbauer, I. Jančigová, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 900 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. I. Cimrák, I. Jancigová, K. Bachratá, H. Bachrat`y, in III International conference on particle-based methods–fundamentals and applications particles (2013), Vol. 2013 p. 133–144

  74. G. Rempfer, G.B. Davies, C. Holm, J. de Graaf, J. Chem. Phys. 145, 044901 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Guckenberger, M.P. Schraml, P.G. Chen, M. Leonetti, S. Gekle, Comput. Phys. Commun. 207, 1 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. C. Bächer, L. Schrack, S. Gekle, Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 013102 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. K. Kratzer, A. Arnold, R.J. Allen, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 164112 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. K. Kratzer, J.T. Berryman, A. Taudt, J. Zeman, A. Arnold, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 1875 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. S. Samin, Y. Tsori, C. Holm, Phys. Rev. E 87, 052128 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. A. Paszke, S. Gross, S. Chintala, G. Chanan, E. Yang, Z. DeVito, Z. Lin, A. Desmaison, L. Antiga, A. Lerer, Neural information processing systems (2017)

  81. F. Pedregosa, G. Varoquaux, A. Gramfort, V. Michel, B. Thirion, O. Grisel, M. Blondel, P. Prettenhofer, R. Weiss, V. Dubourg, J. Vanderplas, A. Passos, D. Cournapeau, M. Brucher, M. Perrot, E. Duchesnay, J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2825 (2011)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  82. F. Chollet, Deep learning with Python (Manning Publications Co., Greenwich, 2017)

  83. A. Meurer, C.P. Smith, M. Paprocki, O. Čertík, S.B. Kirpichev, M. Rocklin, A. Kumar, S. Ivanov, J.K. Moore, S. Singh, T. Rathnayake, S. Vig, B.E. Granger, R.P. Muller, F. Bonazzi, H. Gupta, S. Vats, F. Johansson, F. Pedregosa, M.J. Curry, A.R. Terrel, V. Roučka, A. Saboo, I. Fernando, S. Kulal, R. Cimrman, A. Scopatz, PeerJ Comput. Sci. 3, e103 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. W. Stein, D. Joyner, ACM SIGSAM Bull. 39, 61 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. J.D. Hunter, Comput. Sci. Eng. 9, 90 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. P. Ramachandran, G. Varoquaux, Comput. Sci. Eng. 13, 40 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. E. JonesT. OliphantP. Peterson et al. SciPy: open source scientific tools for Python, 2001–2019

  88. W. McKinney, in Proceedings of the 9th Python in science conference, edited by S. van der Walt, J. Millman (2010), pp. 51–56

  89. D. Reith, M. Pütz, F. Müller-Plathe, J. Comput. Chem. 24, 1624 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. T. Kluyver, B. Ragan-Kelley, F. Pérez, B.E. Granger, M. Bussonnier, J. Frederic, K. Kelley, J.B. Hamrick, J. Grout, S. Corlay, P. Ivanov, D. Avila, S. Abdalla, C. Willing, in Positioning and power in academic publishing: players, agents and agendas, edited by F. Loiyides, B. Schmidt (IOS Press, London, 2016), pp. 87–90

  91. R.W. Hockney, J.W. Eastwood, Computer simulation using particles (IOP, London, 1988)

  92. A. Arnold, F. Fahrenberger, C. Holm, O. Lenz, M. Bolten, H. Dachsel, R. Halver, I. Kabadshow, F. Gähler, F. Heber, J. Iseringhausen, M. Hofmann, M. Pippig, D. Potts, G. Sutmann, Phys. Rev. E 88, 063308 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. F. Nestler, Appl. Numer. Math. 105, 25 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  94. R. Weeber, F. Nestler, F. Weik, M. Pippig, D. Potts, C. Holm, arXiv:1808.10341 (2018)

  95. Y.L. Raikher, O.V. Stolbov, JMMM 258/259, 477 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. K. Morozov, M. Shliomis, H. Yamaguchi, Phys. Rev. E 79, 040801 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. U. Ayachit, The ParaView guide: a parallel visualization application (Kitware, Inc., USA, 2015)

  98. W. Humphrey, A. Dalke, K. Schulten, J. Mol. Graph. 14, 33 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. M. Fletcher, R. Liebscher, PyOpenGL–the Python OpenGL binding, 2005

  100. D. Shreiner, OpenGL reference manual: the official reference document to OpenGL, version 1.2, 3rd edn. (Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA, 1999)

  101. D. Röhm, Lattice Boltzmann simulations on GPUs, diplomarbeit (University of Stuttgart, Germany, 2011)

  102. P. de Buyl, P.H. Colberg, F. Höfling, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 1546 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. The HDF Group, Hierarchical data format, version 5, http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/

  104. A. Collette, Python and HDF5 (O’Reilly, 2013)

  105. Boost C++ libraries, https://www.boost.org (1998–2019)

  106. B. Dünweg, A.J.C. Ladd, inAdvanced computer simulation approaches for soft matter sciences III, Advances in Polymer Science (Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2009), Vol. 221, pp. 89–166

  107. Clang: a C language family frontend for LLVM, https://clang.llvm.org/

  108. M. Smiljanic, R. Weeber, C. Holm, A. Kronenburg, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics. Submitted

  109. K. Breitsprecher, C. Holm, S. Kondrat, ACS Nano 12, 9733 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. V. Lobaskin, B. Dünweg, New J. Phys. 6, 54 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. M. Radu, T. Schilling, Europhys. Lett. 105, 26001 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. K. Kratzer, A. Arnold, Soft Matter 11, 2174 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. K. Butter, P.H.H. Bomans, P.M. Frederik, G.J. Vroege, A.P. Philipse, Nat. Mater. 2, 88 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. J.J. Cerdà, S. Kantorovich, C. Holm, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20, 204125 (2008)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. R. Weeber, M. Klinkigt, S. Kantorovich, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 214901 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. J.G. Donaldson, S.S. Kantorovich, Nanoscale 7, 3217 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. A. Attili, F. Bisetti, M.E. Mueller, H. Pitsch, Combust. Flame 161, 1849 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. W. Lechner, C. Dellago, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 114707 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. J.D. Weeks, D. Chandler, H.C. Andersen, J. Chem. Phys. 54, 5237 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. J.J. Cerdà, V. Ballenegger, O. Lenz, C. Holm, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 234104 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. A. Bródka, Chem. Phys. Lett. 400, 62 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  122. W. Richtering, Smart Coll. Mater. 133, 9 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. J.M. Berg, Biochemistry, 8th edn. (Freeman, New York, NY, USA, 2015)

  124. M. Castelnovo, P. Sens, J.-F. Joanny, Eur. Phys. J. E 1, 115 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. C. Shi, J.A. Wallace, J.K. Shen, Biophys. J. 102, 1590 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. M. Lund, B. Jönsson, Biochemistry 44, 5722 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. M. Lund, B. Jönsson, Quart. Rev. Biophys. 46, 265 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. H.J. Limbach, A. Arnold, B.A. Mann, C. Holm, Comput. Phys. Commun. 174, 704 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. C.E. Reed, W.F. Reed, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 1609 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. E.R. Smith, J. Stat. Phys. 77, 449 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. J.K. Johnson, A.Z. Panagiotopoulos, K.E. Gubbins, Mol. Phys. 81, 717 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. J. Landsgesell, C. Holm, J. Smiatek, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 226, 725 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula, Physical chemistry (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK, 2010)

  134. C. Heath Turner, J.K. Brennan, M. Lisal, W.R. Smith, J. Karl Johnson, K.E. Gubbins, Mol. Simul. 34, 119 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. J. Landsgesell, C. Holm, J. Smiatek, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13, 852 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. F. Wang, D.P. Landau, Phys. Rev. E 64, 056101 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. D. Frenkel, B. Smit, Understanding molecular simulation, 1st edn. (Academic Press, San Diego, 1996)

  138. I. Leontyev, A. Stuchebrukhov, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 2613 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. J. Schmidt, C. Krekeler, F. Dommert, Y. Zhao, R. Berger, L. Delle Site, C. Holm, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 6150 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. F. Dommert, K. Wendler, R. Berger, L.D. Site, C. Holm, Chem. Phys. Chem. 13, 1625 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. F. Dommert, C. Holm, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 2037 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. M. Kohagen, P.E. Mason, P. Jungwirth, J. Phys. Chem. B 120, 1454 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. G. Lamoureux, E. Harder, I. Vorobyov, B. Roux, A. MacKerell, Chem. Phys. Lett. 418, 245 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. G. Lamoureux, B. Roux, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 3025 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. J.R. Bordin, R. Podgornik, C. Holm, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 225, 1693 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. H. Yu, T. Hansson, W.F. van Gunsteren, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 221 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. P. Mitchell, D. Fincham, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 5, 1031 (1993)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  148. B.T. Thole, Chem. Phys. 59, 341 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. D. Helbing, I. Farkas, T. Vicsek, Nature 407, 487 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. M. Ballerini, N. Cabibbo, R. Candelier, A. Cavagna, E. Cisbani, I. Giardina, V. Lecomte, A. Orlandi, G. Parisi, A. Procaccini, M. Viale, V. Zdravkovic, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 1232 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  151. Y. Katz, K. Tunstrøm, C. Ioannou, C. Huepe, I. Couzin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 18720 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  152. J. Zhang, W. Klingsch, A. Schadschneider, A. Seyfried, in Traffic and granular flow ‘11, edited by V.V. Kozlov, A.P. Buslaev, A.S. Bugaev, M.V. Yashina, A. Schadschneider, M. Schreckenberg (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013), p. 241

  153. J. Silverberg, M. Bierbaum, J. Sethna, I. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 228701 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. D. Woolley, Reproduction 126, 259 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. I. Riedel, K. Kruse, J. Howard, Science 309, 300 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  156. A. Sokolov, I.S. Aranson, J.O. Kessler, R.E. Goldstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 158102 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  157. M. Polin, I. Tuval, K. Drescher, J. Gollub, R. Goldstein, Science 325, 487 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  158. V. Geyer, F. Jülicher, J. Howard, B. Friedrich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 18058 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. R. Ma, G. Klindt, I. Riedel-Kruse, F. Jülicher, B. Friedrich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 048101 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. M. Reufer, R. Besseling, J. Schwarz-Linek, V. Martinez, A. Morozov, J. Arlt, D. Trubitsyn, F. Ward, W. Poon, Biophys. J. 106, 37 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  161. J. Schwarz-Linek, J. Arlt, A. Jepson, A. Dawson, T. Vissers, D. Miroli, T. Pilizota, V.A. Martinez, W.C. Poon, Coll. Surf. B: Biointerfaces 137, 2 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. W.F. Paxton, K.C. Kistler, C.C. Olmeda, A. Sen, S.K. Angelo St., Y. Cao, T.E. Mallouk, P.E. Lammert, V.H. Crespi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 13424 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. J.R. Howse, R.A. Jones, A.J. Ryan, T. Gough, R. Vafabakhsh, R. Golestanian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 048102 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. C. Maggi, J. Simmchen, F. Saglimbeni, J. Katuri, M. Dipalo, F. De Angelis, S. Sanchez, R. Di Leonardo, Small 12, 446 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. I. Theurkauff, C. Cottin-Bizonne, J. Palacci, C. Ybert, L. Bocquet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 268303 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. J. Palacci, S. Sacanna, A.P. Steinberg, D.J. Pine, P.M. Chaikin, Science 339, 936 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. T. Vicsek, A. Czirók, E. Ben-Jacob, I. Cohen, O. Shochet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1226 (1995)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  168. W. Ebeling, F. Schweitzer, B. Tilch, BioSystems 49, 17 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. J. Stenhammar, A. Tiribocchi, R. Allen, D. Marenduzzo, M. Cates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 145702 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. X. Zheng, B. Ten Hagen, A. Kaiser, M. Wu, H. Cui, Z. Silber-Li, H. Löwen, Phys. Rev. E 88, 032304 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  171. K. Drescher, R. Goldstein, N. Michel, M. Polin, I. Tuval, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 168101 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. K. Drescher, J. Dunkel, L. Cisneros, S. Ganguly, R. Goldstein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 10940 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. A.I. Campbell, S.J. Ebbens, P. Illien, R. Golestanian, arXiv:1802.04600 (2018),

  174. R. Nash, R. Adhikari, M. Cates, Phys. Rev. E 77, 026709 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  175. R.W. Nash, Efficient lattice Boltzmann simulations of self-propelled particles with singular forces, Ph.D. thesis, The University of Edinburgh, 2010

  176. N.S. Martys, R.D. Mountain, Phys. Rev. E 59, 3733 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. F. Kümmel, B. ten Hagen, R. Wittkowski, I. Buttinoni, R. Eichhorn, G. Volpe, H. Löwen, C. Bechinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 198302 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  178. H. Wensink, V. Kantsler, R. Goldstein, J. Dunkel, Phys. Rev. E 89, 010302 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  179. P. Ahlrichs, B. Dünweg, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 8225 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  180. E. Harris, The chlamydomonas sourcebook: a comprehensive guide to biology and laboratory use (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2013)

  181. V. Kantsler, J. Dunkel, M. Polin, R.E. Goldstein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 1187 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  182. D. Röhm, S. Kesselheim, A. Arnold, Soft Matt. 10, 5503 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  183. J. de Graaf, J. Stenhammar, Phys. Rev. E 95, 023302 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  184. J. de Graaf, J. Stenhammar, Pers. Commun (2017)

  185. A. Chatterji, J. Horbach, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 184903 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  186. S.E. Ilse, C. Holm, J. de Graaf, J. Chem. Phys. 145, 134904 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Florian Weik or Christian Holm.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Weik, F., Weeber, R., Szuttor, K. et al. ESPResSo 4.0 – an extensible software package for simulating soft matter systems. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 227, 1789–1816 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-800186-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-800186-9

Navigation