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The electron capture in 163Ho experiment – ECHo

The European Physical Journal Special Topics volume 226, pages 1623–1694 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Neutrinos, and in particular their tiny but non-vanishing masses, can be considered one of the doors towards physics beyond the Standard Model. Precision measurements of the kinematics of weak interactions, in particular of the 3H β-decay and the 163Ho electron capture (EC), represent the only model independent approach to determine the absolute scale of neutrino masses. The electron capture in 163Ho experiment, ECHo, is designed to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass by means of the analysis of the calorimetrically measured electron capture spectrum of the nuclide 163Ho. The maximum energy available for this decay, about 2.8 keV, constrains the type of detectors that can be used. Arrays of low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are being developed to measure the 163Ho EC spectrum with energy resolution below 3 eV FWHM and with a time resolution below 1 μs. To achieve the sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass, together with the detector optimization, the availability of large ultra-pure 163Ho samples, the identification and suppression of background sources as well as the precise parametrization of the 163Ho EC spectrum are of utmost importance. The high-energy resolution 163Ho spectra measured with the first MMC prototypes with ion-implanted 163Ho set the basis for the ECHo experiment. We describe the conceptual design of ECHo and motivate the strategies we have adopted to carry on the present medium scale experiment, ECHo-1K. In this experiment, the use of 1 kBq 163Ho will allow to reach a neutrino mass sensitivity below 10 eV/c 2. We then discuss how the results being achieved in ECHo-1k will guide the design of the next stage of the ECHo experiment, ECHo-1M, where a source of the order of 1 MBq 163Ho embedded in large MMCs arrays will allow to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    L. Gastaldo, C. Enss, A. Fleischmann, D. Fonnesu, L. Gamer, C. Hassel, D. Hengstler, S. Kempf, F. Mantegazzini, P. C. O. Ranitzsch & M. Wegner

  2. Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany

    K. Blaum, M. Door, S. Eliseev, P. Filianin, Yu. N. Novikov, A. Rischka, R. X. Schüssler & Ch. Schweiger

  3. Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany

    K. Chrysalidis, T. Kieck, F. Schneider & K. Wendt

  4. ISOLDE, CERN, Geneve, Switzerland

    T. Day Goodacre, K. Johnston, B. Marsh, S. Rothe, T. Stora & M. Veinhard

  5. Institute for Nuclear and Particle Physics, TU Dresden, Germany

    A. Domula & K. Zuber

  6. Institute for Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    H. Dorrer, Ch. E. Düllmann, K. Eberhardt, R. Haas, T. Kieck & F. Schneider

  7. Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Department Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

    H. Dorrer & A. Türler

  8. Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland

    H. Dorrer & A. Türler

  9. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany

    Ch. E. Düllmann

  10. Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Ch. E. Düllmann & K. Eberhardt

  11. Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    A. Faessler

  12. Physics Institute, University of, Tübingen, Germany

    J. Jochum & S. Scholl

  13. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    U. Kebschull & P. Neroutsos

  14. Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France

    U. Köster

  15. Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, India

    S. Lahiri

  16. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

    M. Maiti

  17. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia

    Yu. N. Novikov

  18. St.Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Yu. N. Novikov

  19. Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    A. Saenz

  20. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe, Germany

    O. Sander & M. Weber

  21. Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

    F. Simkovic

  22. Institute of Nuclear Research of the H.A.S., Bem ter 18/C, Debrecen, Hungary

    Z. Szücs

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  1. L. Gastaldo
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  4. T. Day Goodacre
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  5. A. Domula
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  6. M. Door
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  7. H. Dorrer
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  8. Ch. E. Düllmann
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  9. K. Eberhardt
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  10. S. Eliseev
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Gastaldo.

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Gastaldo, L., Blaum, K., Chrysalidis, K. et al. The electron capture in 163Ho experiment – ECHo. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 226, 1623–1694 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2017-70071-y

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