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Interfacial nanolayer mechanism and irreversibility analysis for nonlinear Arrhenius reactive hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretched cylinder

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Abstract

The interfacial nanolayer is a tinny coating of liquid molecules convened around the immersed solid nanoparticles in the base liquid, and it promises a vibrant role in improving and controlling the thermal properties of the nanoparticles and flow features when embedded in the base fluid. Hence, the current study features the effect of interfacial nanolayer thickness during MWCNT and nanodiamonds (ND) embedded water-based hybrid nanofluid fluid over an inclined stretching cylinder. Nonlinear Arrhenius activation energy, binary chemical reactions and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux are included in the system. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalize the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations and then processed by the Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). The impression of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and Bejan number is demonstrated through graphical and tabular form. The graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids and different nanolayer thicknesses of nanoparticles. Three-dimensional features were observed for skin friction, heat, and mass transfer. The effects of entropy and the Bejan number are exhibited through graphs. The thermal impact is very significant in the presence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and is further supported by nonlinear thermal radiation and the Brinkman number. It is true that the Brinkman number disrupts the heat transfer rate; however, it improves with heat generation. Entropy generation is enhanced with an enhancement in permeability.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: Data will be available on request].

Abbreviations

\((u,w)\) :

Velocity components in \(\left( {r,\,\,z} \right)\) directions

\(\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{nf}\) :

Heat capacitance of nanofluid

\(\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{f}\) :

Effective heat capacitance of base fluid

\(\left( {\rho C_{p} } \right)_{s}\) :

The effective heat capacitance of nanoparticles

\(\rho_{s}\) :

Density of nanoparticles

\(\rho_{f}\) :

Density of base fluid

\(\mu_{nf}\) :

Dynamic viscosity of nanofluid

\(\mu_{f}\) :

Dynamic viscosity of base fluid

\(k_{nf}\) :

Thermal conductivity of nanofluid

\(k_{f}\) :

Thermal conductivity of base fluid

\(k_{s}\) :

Thermal conductivity of nanoparticles

\(\sigma_{nf}\) :

Electrical conductivity of nanofluid

\(\sigma_{s}\) :

Electrical conductivity of nanoparticles

\(\sigma_{f}\) :

Electrical conductivity of base fluid

\(\mu_{hnf}\) :

Effective dynamic viscosity of hybrid nanofluid

\(\rho_{hnf}\) :

Density of hybrid nanofluid

\(\left( {\rho c_{p} } \right)_{hnf}\) :

Heat capacitance of hybrid nanofluid

\(\sigma_{hnf}\) :

Electrical conductivity of hybrid nanofluid

\(\left( {\rho \beta } \right)_{hnf}\) :

Thermal expansion of hybrid nanofluid

\(K_{T}\) :

Thermal diffusion ratio

\(T\) :

The fluid temperature \(\left( K \right)\)

\(\sigma_{SB}\) :

Stefan Boltzmann constant

\(m_{a}\) :

Mean absorption coefficient

\(\Gamma\) :

Curvature parameter

Rd:

Radiation parameter

\(R_{T}\) :

Thermal relaxation parameter

\(P_{r}\) :

Prandtl number

\(Sc\) :

Schimdt number

\({\text{Re}}_{L}\) :

Local Reynolds number

\(\Pr\) :

Prandtl number

\(D_{m}\) :

Solutal diffusivity

\(Sr\) :

Soret number

\(D_{f}\) :

Dufour number

\(Bi_{1}\) :

Thermal Biot number

\(L^{*}\) :

Diffusion parameter

\(E_{1}\) :

Activation energy

\(K_{1}\) :

Chemical reaction parameter

\(a\) :

Radius of the cylinder

\(L\) :

Reference length

\(Br\) :

Brinkman number

\(\Upsilon\) :

Casson parameter

\(\phi_{1} ,\,\phi_{2}\) :

Original solid volume fraction

\(I_{1} ,\,I_{2}\) :

Ratio of nanolayer

\(\varphi _{1} ,\;\varphi _{2}\) :

Upgraded volume fractions

\(M\) :

Magnetic parameter

\(Q\) :

Heat generation parameter

\(\theta_{f}\) :

Temperature ratio parameter

\(Gr\) :

Thermal Grashof number

\(Gc\) :

Solutal Grashof number

\(Bi_{2}\) :

Solutal Biot number

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Acknowledgements

Authors’ thanks are due to Professor Mike Taylor, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA, for editing the manuscript for better readability and English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, 752054, India

    D. Mohanty & G. Mahanta

  2. Department of Mathematics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA

    K. Vajravelu

  3. Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana

    S. Shaw

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Mohanty, D., Mahanta, G., Vajravelu, K. et al. Interfacial nanolayer mechanism and irreversibility analysis for nonlinear Arrhenius reactive hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretched cylinder. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 1150 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04743-2

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