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Numerical investigation of mixed convection of nanofluid flow in oblique rectangular microchannels with nanofluid jet injection

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Abstract

In the present numerical study, the effect of microchannel flow with the angle of fluid jet injection is investigated. This paper aims to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of flow and heat transfer for mixed convection in a two-dimensional rectangular microchannel with an angle of attack of 0°–180°. Water/SWCNT nanofluids are used as the cooling fluid with different volume fractions. The results of this study show that due to heat exchange between hot and cold sources, the thermal boundary layer is unavoidable. In all temperature graphs, with increasing Reynolds number, due to fluid momentum amplification, the thermal boundary layer is significantly reduced and the injection effects for the cooling fluid become important. Temperature distribution between fluid layers, especially in areas close to the hot surface, is associated with significant gradients. At Re = 25, due to the slower movement of the fluid compared to Re = 100, the growth of the thermal boundary layer is significant and even affects the central areas of the microchannel. Increasing the mass flow rate of the coolant increases the velocity and improves the mixing of the fluid by further advancing the fluid toward the microchannel outlet. Among all of the studied cases, case (3) has the highest friction factor due to gravitational effects.

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Abbreviations

C f :

Friction factor

C p :

Heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m·s−2)

h :

Local heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

k :

Thermal conductivity (Wm−1 K−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number

P :

Fluid pressure (Pa)

Pr:

Prandtl number

Ra:

Rayleigh number

S :

Entropy generation (J Kg−1 K−1)

T :

Temperature (K)

u, v :

Velocity components in x, y-directions (ms−1)

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2·s−1)

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K−1)

φ :

Volume fraction of nanoparticles v

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s−1)

θ :

Dimensionless temperature

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

υ :

Kinematics viscosity (m2 s−1)

c:

Cold

Eff:

Effective

f:

Base fluid (pure Water)

h:

Hot

In:

Inlet

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Solid nanoparticles

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligudarz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz, Iran

    Masoud Fatholahi & Sina Nouraei

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Amirmasoud Anvari

  3. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Omid Ali Akbari

  4. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Farnaz Montazerifar

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA

    Hamidreza Ghaedamini

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Davood Toghraie

Authors
  1. Masoud Fatholahi
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  2. Amirmasoud Anvari
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  4. Farnaz Montazerifar
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  7. Sina Nouraei
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Correspondence to Davood Toghraie.

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Fatholahi, M., Anvari, A., Akbari, O.A. et al. Numerical investigation of mixed convection of nanofluid flow in oblique rectangular microchannels with nanofluid jet injection. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 1062 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02072-w

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