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Experimental investigation of thermo-physical properties of MgO-MWCNT (75–25%)/10W40 as a new nano-lubricant

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Abstract

In this study, the MWCNT-MgO (25–75%)/10W40 hybrid nano-lubricant was prepared via a two-step method and was experimentally investigated in the solid volume fraction (SVF) range of 0–1%, the temperature (T) range of 5–55 °C, and the shear rate (SR) range of 6665–11,997 s−1. MWCNT and MgO nanoparticles (NPs) with a volume ratio of 25–75 were used to provide the NPs, and experiments were conducted at 6 Ts in the range of 5–55 °C. The results indicated that viscosity (VI) of nano-lubricant increases and decreases, respectively, with increasing SVF and temperature (T), in a way that the maximum VI drops (− 5%) were observed at 15 and 25 °C, and at 0.05% SVF. Likewise, the highest VI increase (+ 26%) was observed at 45 °C and SVF of 1%. It was observed that the VI of the nano-lubricant at SVF of 1% and in the studied T range, with a mean of 16.13%, was higher than the VI of pure oil. The effect of NPs presence on VI was lower than that of the base fluid (BF) at lower Ts, as, at a T of 15 °C, the VI of this hybrid nano-lubricant increased by 20.3% and at 55 °C increased by 16%.

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Abbreviations

m:

Consistency index

N:

Number of experiments

S:

Standard deviation

n:

Power law index

T:

Temperature

U:

Uncertainty

w:

Weight

\(\overline X\) :

Average measured value

X i :

Measured value

Exp.:

Experimental

Max:

Maximum

MgO:

Magnesium Oxide

Min:

Minimum

MWCNT:

Multiwall carbon nanotube

NF:

Nanofluid

NP:

Nanoparticle

SSA:

Specific surface area (total surface area of a material per unit of mass)

SVF:

Solid volume fraction

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

φ :

Solid volume fraction

\(\dot{\gamma }\) :

Shear rate

μ :

Viscosity

μ r :

Relative viscosity

ρ :

Density

τ :

Shear stress

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

r:

Relative

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hemmat Esfe, Milad Goodarzi & Saeed Esfandeh

  2. Department of Energy, Water, Energy and Environment Center, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hemmat Esfe & Saeed Esfandeh

Authors
  1. Mohammad Hemmat Esfe
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  2. Milad Goodarzi
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  3. Saeed Esfandeh
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Correspondence to Mohammad Hemmat Esfe.

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Hemmat Esfe, M., Goodarzi, M. & Esfandeh, S. Experimental investigation of thermo-physical properties of MgO-MWCNT (75–25%)/10W40 as a new nano-lubricant. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 605 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01414-y

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