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Optimization of high-order harmonic generation for the time-resolved ARPES

  • Regular Article - Ultraintense and Ultrashort Laser Fields
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Abstract

We experimentally investigated the optimized phase matching condition for high order harmonic generation as a source of time-resolved Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) applications. In the loose focusing scheme, we find that the divergence of harmonics decreases with the increase of gas cell length, while the maximum intensity is obtained with 10–15 mm gas cell. Our result shows that stable beam condition with best temporal resolution can be realized for TR-ARPES by using a longer gas cell (longer than 25 mm in our experiment), and an appropriate gas cell length can provide balanced condition for good beam intensity and good temporal resolution.

Graphical abstract

For the experiments carried out on HHG-based TR ARPES, the wavefront tilt of harmonic beam is inevitably introduced by the grating used in monochromator, leading to the boarding of pulse width and the dramatic decrease of the temporal resolution. A simple way to decrease the wavefront tilt is by optimizing the beam quality of high order harmonics. In our work, we aim to decrease the divergence of harmonic beam while keeping the enough intensity. We have experimentally investigated the intensity and beam divergence of high order harmonics generated in Ar for different gas cell condition. The divergence of harmonics decreases with the increase of gas cell length which is shown in (a), while the maximum intensity is obtained with 10 15 mm gas cell shown in (b). Our result c d shows that stable beam condition with best temporal resolution can be realized for TR ARPES by using a longer gas cell, and an appropriate gas cell length can provide balanced condition for good beam intensity and good temporal resolution.

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Data availability statement

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request. “This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: Data is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request]”.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Hao Teng and Kun Zhao for helpful discussions.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974416, 91850209).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China

    Yueying Liang, Xinkui He, Shuai Wang & Zhiyi Wei

  2. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, People’s Republic of China

    Liqiang Liu, Junli Wang & Zhiyi Wei

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 10049, People’s Republic of China

    Yueying Liang, Xinkui He, Shuai Wang & Zhiyi Wei

  4. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Xinkui He

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The idea was proposed by Xinkui He and Yueying Liang, and the results were done and analyzed by Yueying Liang and Liqiang Liu. All the authors have contributed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xinkui He or Zhiyi Wei.

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Liang, Y., He, X., Liu, L. et al. Optimization of high-order harmonic generation for the time-resolved ARPES. Eur. Phys. J. D 76, 85 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00404-8

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