Abstract
Heavy neutral gauge bosons, Z ′s, are predicted by many theoretical schemes of physics beyond the Standard Model, and intensive searches for their signatures will be performed at present and future high energy colliders. It is quite possible that Z ′s are heavy enough to lie beyond the discovery reach expected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider LHC, in which case only indirect signatures of Z ′ exchanges may occur at future colliders, through deviations of the measured cross sections from the Standard Model predictions. We here discuss in this context the foreseeable sensitivity to Z ′s of fermion-pair production cross sections at an e + e − linear collider, especially as regards the potential of distinguishing different Z ′ models once such deviations are observed. Specifically, we assess the discovery and identification reaches on Z ′ gauge bosons pertinent to the E 6, LR, ALR and SSM classes of models, that should be attained at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). With the high experimental accuracies expected at the ILC, the discovery and the identification reaches on the Z ′ models under consideration could be increased substantially. In particular, the identification among the different models could be achieved for values of Z ′ masses in the discovery (but beyond the identification) reach of the LHC. An important role in enhancing such reaches is played by the electron (and possibly the positron) longitudinally polarized beams. Also, although the purely leptonic processes are experimentally cleaner, the measurements of c- and b-quark pair production cross sections are found to carry important, and complementary, information on these searches.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Langacker, arXiv:0801.1345 [hep-ph]
T.G. Rizzo, arXiv:hep-ph/0610104
A. Leike, Phys. Rep. 317, 143 (1999). arXiv:hep-ph/9805494
J.L. Hewett, T.G. Rizzo, Phys. Rep. 183, 193 (1989)
J. Erler, P. Langacker, S. Munir, E.R. Pena, J. High Energy Phys. 0908, 017 (2009). arXiv:0906.2435 [hep-ph]
T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 171802 (2007). arXiv:0707.2524 [hep-ex]
T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 091805 (2009). arXiv:0811.0053 [hep-ex]
R.J. Hooper (D0 Collaboration), Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20, 3277 (2005)
L. Randall, R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3370 (1999). arXiv:hep-ph/9905221
L. Randall, R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4690 (1999). arXiv:hep-th/9906064
J. Kalinowski, R. Ruckl, H. Spiesberger, P.M. Zerwas, Phys. Lett. B 406, 314 (1997). arXiv:hep-ph/9703436
J. Kalinowski, R. Ruckl, H. Spiesberger, P.M. Zerwas, Phys. Lett. B 414, 297 (1997). arXiv:hep-ph/9708272
T.G. Rizzo, Phys. Rev. D 59, 113004 (1999). arXiv:hep-ph/9811440
B.C. Allanach, K. Odagiri, M.A. Parker, B.R. Webber, J. High Energy Phys. 0009, 019 (2000). arXiv:hep-ph/0006114
B.C. Allanach, K. Odagiri, M.J. Palmer, M.A. Parker, A. Sabetfakhri, B.R. Webber, J. High Energy Phys. 0212, 039 (2002). arXiv:hep-ph/0211205
M. Dittmar, A.S. Nicollerat, A. Djouadi, Phys. Lett. B 583, 111 (2004). arXiv:hep-ph/0307020
R. Cousins, J. Mumford, J. Tucker, V. Valuev, J. High Energy Phys. 0511, 046 (2005)
S. Godfrey, P. Kalyniak, A. Tomkins, arXiv:hep-ph/0511335
S. Godfrey, T.A.W. Martin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 151803 (2008). arXiv:0807.1080 [hep-ph]
R. Diener, S. Godfrey, T.A.W. Martin, arXiv:0910.1334 [hep-ph]
D. Feldman, Z. Liu, P. Nath, J. High Energy Phys. 0611, 007 (2006). arXiv:hep-ph/0606294
F. Petriello, S. Quackenbush, Phys. Rev. D 77, 115004 (2008). arXiv:0801.4389 [hep-ph]
Y. Li, F. Petriello, S. Quackenbush, Phys. Rev. D 80, 055018 (2009). arXiv:0906.4132 [hep-ph]
P. Osland, A.A. Pankov, N. Paver, A.V. Tsytrinov, Phys. Rev. D 78, 035008 (2008). arXiv:0805.2734 [hep-ph]
P. Osland, A.A. Pankov, N. Paver, A.V. Tsytrinov, arXiv:0902.1593 [hep-ph]
H. Murayama, V. Rentala, arXiv:0904.4561 [hep-ph]
P. Osland, A.A. Pankov, A.V. Tsytrinov, N. Paver, Phys. Rev. D 79, 115021 (2009). arXiv:0904.4857 [hep-ph]
E. Salvioni, G. Villadoro, F. Zwirner, arXiv:0909.1320 [hep-ph]
T.G. Rizzo, J. High Energy Phys. 0908, 082 (2009). arXiv:0904.2534 [hep-ph]
J. Brau et al. (ILC Collaboration), ILC reference design report volume 1—executive summary. arXiv:0712.1950 [physics.acc-ph]
G. Aarons et al. (ILC Collaboration), International linear collider reference design report volume 2: Physics at the ILC. arXiv:0709.1893 [hep-ph]
G.A. Moortgat-Pick et al., Phys. Rep. 460, 131 (2008). arXiv:hep-ph/0507011
M. Cvetic, S. Godfrey, Discovery and identification of extra gauge bosons. arXiv:hep-ph/9504216
S. Riemann, LC report LC-TH-2001-007
A. Djouadi, A. Leike, T. Riemann, D. Schaile, C. Verzegnassi, Z. Phys. C 56, 289 (1992)
A.V. Gulov, V.V. Skalozub, Phys. Rev. D 70, 115010 (2004). arXiv:hep-ph/0408076
A.A. Pankov, N. Paver, A.V. Tsytrinov, Phys. Rev. D 73, 115005 (2006). arXiv:hep-ph/0512131
G. Weiglein et al. (LHC/LC Study Group), Phys. Rep. 426, 47 (2006). arXiv:hep-ph/0410364
J.L. Hewett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4765 (1999). arXiv:hep-ph/9811356
H. Davoudiasl, J.L. Hewett, T.G. Rizzo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2080 (2000). arXiv:hep-ph/9909255
B. Schrempp, F. Schrempp, N. Wermes, D. Zeppenfeld, Nucl. Phys. B 296, 1 (1988)
A.A. Pankov, N. Paver, Eur. Phys. J. C 29, 313 (2003). arXiv:hep-ph/0209058
S. Riemann, A. Schalicke, A. Ushakov, DESY 09-038. arXiv:0903.2366 [physics.ins-det]
B. Aurand et al., Report DESY-09-042. arXiv:0903.2959 [physics. acc-ph]
S. Boogert et al., ILC-NOTE-2009-049. arXiv:0904.0122 [physics.ins-det]
W.T. Eadie, D. Drijard, F.E. James, M. Roos, B. Sadoulet, Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics (Elsevier, New York, 1971)
F. Cuypers, P. Gambino, Phys. Lett. B 388, 211 (1996). arXiv:hep-ph/9606391
F. Cuypers, arXiv:hep-ph/9611336
A.A. Babich, P. Osland, A.A. Pankov, N. Paver, Phys. Lett. B 518, 128 (2001). arXiv:hep-ph/0107159
M. Consoli, W. Hollik, F. Jegerlehner, CERN-TH-5527-89, Presented at Workshop on Z Physics at LEP
G. Altarelli, R. Casalbuoni, D. Dominici, F. Feruglio, R. Gatto, Nucl. Phys. B 342, 15 (1990)
O. Nicrosini, L. Trentadue, in Radiative Corrections for e + e − Collisions, vol. 25, ed. by J.H. Kühn (Springer, Berlin, 1989), p. 25
O. Nicrosini, L. Trentadue, in QED Structure Functions, Ann Arbor, MI, 1989, ed. by G. Bonvicini, AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 201 (AIP, New York, 1990), p. 12
W. Benakker, F.A. Berends, Proc. of the Workshop on Physics at LEP2, CERN 96-01, vol. 1, p. 79 and references therein
D.Y. Bardin, P. Christova, M. Jack, L. Kalinovskaya, A. Olchevski, S. Riemann, T. Riemann, Comput. Phys. Commun. 133, 229 (2001). arXiv:hep-ph/9908433
T.G. Rizzo, Phys. Rev. D 55, 5483 (1997). arXiv:hep-ph/9612304
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Osland, P., Pankov, A.A. & Tsytrinov, A.V. Identification of extra neutral gauge bosons at the International Linear Collider. Eur. Phys. J. C 67, 191–204 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1272-z
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1272-z