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On nonlinearity in hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

  • Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
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Abstract

In the context of event-by-event hydrodynamic description, we analyze the implications of two models characterized by distinct initial conditions. The initial energy density of the first model adopts a Gaussian-type distribution, while those of the second one are features by high energy peripheral tubes. We calibrate the initial conditions of both models so that their initial probability distribution of eccentricity are mostly identical. Subsequently, the resultant scaled probability distributions of collective flow and the correlations between flow harmonic and eccentricity coefficients are investigated. Besides, the calculations are carried out for particle correlations regarding the symmetric cumulant, mixed harmonics, and nonlinear response coefficients. Although the resultant two-particle correlations possess similar shapes, numerical calculations indicate a subtle difference between the two models. To be specific, the difference resides in more detailed observables such as the probability distributions of elliptic flow as well as Pearson correlation coefficient regarding higher-order harmonics. We discuss several essential aspects concerning the linearity and nonlinearity between initial eccentricities and final state anisotropies. Further implications are addressed.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The data generated during the numerical study has exceeded the size of 2T and we have no condition to save those data for an extensive period. However, we have saved all the configuration files and set-ups for the numerical simulations and therefore, if necessary, we can regenerate identical results for any further investigation.]

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A part of the work was developed under the project INCT-FNA Proc. no. 464898/2014-5, the Center for Scientific Computing (NCC/GridUNESP) of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), also, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) under contract no. 11805166.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, China

    Dan Wen, Wei-Liang Qian & Bin Wang

  2. Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil

    Dan Wen & Wei-Liang Qian

  3. Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China

    Kai Lin

  4. Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, SP, 12602-810, Brazil

    Kai Lin & Wei-Liang Qian

  5. Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 66318, São Paulo, SP, 05315-970, Brazil

    Yogiro Hama

  6. Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil

    Takeshi Kodama

  7. Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-346, Brazil

    Takeshi Kodama

Authors
  1. Dan Wen
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  2. Kai Lin
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  3. Wei-Liang Qian
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  4. Bin Wang
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  5. Yogiro Hama
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Correspondence to Wei-Liang Qian.

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Communicated by Giorgio Torrieri

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Wen, D., Lin, K., Qian, WL. et al. On nonlinearity in hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 222 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00235-4

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